Evolução nas características medidas em teste de desempenho de machos de pedigree no estado de Santa Catarina.

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Condutividade elétrica do solo e produtividade: uso no sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária para determinar zonas de manejo durante o cultivo de soja.

Resumo: Dentro da Agricultura de Precisão, uma das estratégias propostas para tratar a heterogeneidade de uma parcela agrícola é o estabelecimento de zonas de manejo homogêneas. Pela facilidade de aquisição de dados e obtenção mapeamentos, a condutividade elétrica do solo tem sido sugerida como uma variável capaz de se correlacionar com fatores de produção, o que poderia ser uma alternativa para orientar o estabelecimento das zonas de manejo. O presente trabalho avaliou quatro conjuntos de dados obtidos em uma unidade de referência da Rede de Agricultura de Precisão, submetida a um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária envolvendo a sucessão de cultivo de soja durante o verão e de pastagem de azevém durante o inverno. Dois deles relativos à produtividade da soja, obtida em anos contrastantes em disponibilidade hídrica, e outros dois relativos à condutividade elétrica do solo (CE), resultantes de aquisições com diferentes espaçamentos, em diferentes anos. A análise de correlação entre as variáveis mostrou uma forte correlação positiva entre as duas avaliações de CE e correlação positiva moderada, entre os dois levantamentos de produtividade. Entre a CE e a produtividade não houve nenhuma correlação, havendo oscilação nos níveis de produtividades de soja independentemente da variação da CE. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que as medidas de CE apresentam boa repetibilidade, mesmo com o espaçamento de 25 metros, considerado suficiente para captar a variabilidade existente. Por outro lado, as zonas de CE não foram efetivas para determinar as zonas de manejo na fase de cultivo de soja, cabendo ainda estudos para verificar a efetividade da CE em relação à variabilidade na produtividade do pasto

The FuGas 2.5 updated for the effects of surface turbulence on the transfer velocity of gases at the atmosphere–ocean interface

Accurately estimating air–water gas exchanges requires considering other factors besides wind speed. These are particularly useful for coastal ocean applications, where the sea-state varies at fine spatial and temporal resolutions. We upgrade FuGas 2.5 with improved formulations of the gas transfer velocity parametrized based on friction velocity, kinetic energy dissipation, roughness length, air-flow conditions, drift current and wave field. We then test the algorithm with field survey data collected in the Baltic Sea during spring–summer of 2014 and 2015. Collapsing turbulence was observed when gravity waves were the roughness elements on the sea-surface, travelling at a speed identical to the wind. In such cases, the turbulence driven transfer velocities (from surface renewal and micro-scale wave breaking) could be reduced from 20 cm h1 to 5 cm h1. However, when peak gravity waves were too flat, they were presumably replaced by capillary-gravity waves as roughness elements. Then, a substantial increase in the turbulence and roughness length was observed, despite the low and moderate winds, leading to transfer velocities up to twice as large as those predicted by empirical u10-based formulations.FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) through project LARSyS: FCT Pluriannual funding 2020-2023 UIDB/EEA/50009/2020; FCT: DL57/2016/CP [1361]/CT[0008].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Osmotic-stress-induced synthesis and degradation of inorganic polyphosphates in the alga phaeodactylum- tricornutum

The potential role of inorganic polyphosphates in the response of algal cells to osmotic stress was investigated. We show that changes in polyphosphate metabolism of algae induced by osmotic stress can be easily determined by measuring the metachromatic shift of toluidine blue produced by polyphosphate and by analysing the size of the extracted polyphosphate on urea/polyacrylamide gels. The amount and size of polyphosphate were found to differ considerably among different algal species. It is demonstrated that the alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum responds to hyperosmotic stress with a marked elongation of polyphosphate molecules and a decrease in the total amount of extractable polyphosphate, while exposure to hypoosmotic stress results in an increase in soluble shorter-chain polyphosphates and a rise in total polyphosphate content

Urgent capsule endoscopy is useful in severe obscure-overt gastrointestinal bleeding

AIM: With capsule endoscopy (CE) it is possible to examine the entire small bowel. The present study assessed the diagnostic yield of CE in severe obscure-overt gastrointestinal bleeding (OOGIB). METHODS: During a 3-year period, 15 capsule examinations (4.5% of all CE in a single institution) were carried out in 15 patients (11 men; mean age 69.9 +/- 20.1 years) with severe ongoing bleeding, defined as persistent melena and/or hematochezia, with hemodynamic instability and the need for significant red blood cell transfusion. CE was carried out after non-diagnostic standard upper and lower endoscopy. The mean time from admission until CE was 4.1 +/- 4.4 days (0-15 days). RESULTS: CE revealed active bleeding in seven patients and signs of recent bleeding in four. Etiology of bleeding was correctly diagnosed in 11 patients (73.3%) (portal hypertension enteropathy, three patients; subepithelial ulcerated lesion, two patients; angiodysplasia, two patients; jejunal ulcer with visible vessel, one patient; multiple small bowel ulcers, one patient; jejunal tumor, one patient; jejunal mucosa irregularity with adherent clot, one patient). One patient (6.7%) had active bleeding but no visible lesion. As a consequence of the capsule findings, specific therapeutic measures were undertaken in 11 patients (73.3%) with five managed conservatively, four endoscopically and two surgically. Two patients experienced bleeding recurrence. One of them, with a probable small bowel tumor, refused any other interventions. CONCLUSIONS: CE is useful in patients with severe OOGIB by providing positive findings in the majority of patients, with subsequent impact on therapeutic procedures

Effect of portal hypertension in the small bowel: an endoscopic approach

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The effects of portal hypertension in the small bowel are largely unknown. The aim of the study was to prospectively assess portal hypertension manifestations in the small bowel. METHODS: We compared, by performing enteroscopy with capsule endoscopy, the endoscopic findings of 36 patients with portal hypertension, 25 cirrhotic and 11 non-cirrhotic, with 30 controls. RESULTS: Varices, defined as distended, tortuous, or saccular veins, and areas of mucosa with a reticulate pattern were significantly more frequent in patients with PTH. These two findings were detected in 26 of the 66 patients (39%), 25 from the group with PTH (69%) and one from the control group (3%) (P < 0.0001). Among the 25 patients with PTH exhibiting these patterns, 17 were cirrhotic and 8 were non-cirrhotic (P = 0.551). The presence of these endoscopic changes was not related to age, gender, presence of cirrhosis, esophageal or gastric varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy, portal hypertensive colopathy, prior esophageal endoscopic treatment, current administration of beta-blockers, or Child-Pugh Class C. More patients with these endoscopic patterns had a previous history of acute digestive bleeding (72% vs. 36%) (P = 0.05). Active bleeding was found in two patients (5.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of varices or areas of mucosa with a reticulate pattern are manifestations of portal hypertension in the small bowel, found in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. The clinical implications of these findings, as regards digestive bleeding, are uncertain, although we documented acute bleeding from the small bowel in two patients (5.5%)

Capsule endoscopy assisted by traditional upper endoscopy

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Capsule endoscopy (CE) can be prevented by difficulties in swallowing the device and/or its gastric retention. In such cases, endoscopic delivery of the capsule to duodenum is very useful. We describe the indications and outcomes of cases in which traditional endoscopic techniques allowed placement of the capsule in duodenum. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, descriptive case series. All patients in the above conditions were identified and indications for CE, endoscopic-placement technique, complications and completeness of small bowel imaging were registered. RESULTS: Endoscopic-assisted delivery of the capsule was necessary in 13 patients (2.1% of all CE; 7 males; mean age--47.9 +/- 24.9 years, range 13 to 79 years). Indications for endoscopic delivery included: inability to swallow the capsule (7), gastric retention in previous exams (3), abnormal upper gastrointestinal anatomy (3). In eight patients, the capsule was introduced in GI tract with: foreign body retrieval net alone (3), retrieval net and a translucent cap (2), prototype delivery device (2) or a polypectomy snare (1). Five patients ingested the capsule that was then placed in duodenum with a polypectomy snare (3) or a retrieval net (2). No major complications occurred. Complete small bowel examination was possible in 10 patients (77%). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic placement of capsule endoscope in the duodenum is rarely needed. However it may be safely performed by different techniques avoiding some limitations of CE. The best methods for endoscopic delivery of the capsule in the duodenum seem to be retrieval net with a translucent cap when the patient is unable to swallow the device or a retrieval net only to capture the capsule in the stomach when the patients swallows it easily