1,465 research outputs found
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of nebulized beclometasone dipropionate and budesonide in severe persistent childhood asthma
AbstractInhaled steroids are recommended for long-term control of asthma, but their use may be limited in young children because of difficulties in using the associated inhaler device. The use of nebulizers may help to overcome this issue, without compromising therapeutic efficacy or safety. This 14-week, multicentre, randomized, controlled, open-label, parallel-group study compared the efficacy and safety of nebulized corticosteroids in paediatric patients (aged 6 months to 6 years) with severe persistent asthma. Beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) 800 μg day−1 suspension for nebulization and budesonide (BUD) 750 μg day−1 given by nebulization in a twice-daily regimen, and when used in addition to the usual maintenance therapy, resulted in comparable clinical efficacy across all parameters. The primary efficacy endpoint was the number of patients who did not experience any major exacerbation, this being 40·4% and 51·7% in the BDP and BUD groups respectively in the ITT population (P=0·28), and the mean number of global exacerbations (major plus minor) decreased respectively by −37.5% in the BDP group and −23.3% in the BUD group. Both treatments were also associated with marked reductions in the number of nights with wheezing and the number of days of oral steroid use. Moreover, the two treatment groups had a similar adverse-event incidence and profile. Only 11 adverse events were reported, and no serious adverse events were related to treatment. Urinary cortisol and the time course of height and weight were unaffected by both treatments, and BDP was confirmed to have a neutral effect on bone metabolism. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that both BDP 800 μg day−1 suspension for nebulization and BUD 750 μg day−1 administered by nebulization are effective, with an acceptable safety profile, for treatment of severe persistent asthma in infants and young children
Magnetic order in the frustrated Ising-like chain compound SrNiIrO
We have studied the field and temperature dependence of the magnetization of
single crystals of Sr3NiIrO6. These measurements evidence the presence of an
easy axis of anisotropy and two anomalies in the magnetic susceptibility.
Neutron powder diffraction realized on a polycrystalline sample reveals the
emergence of magnetic reflections below 75 K with magnetic propagation vector k
~ (0, 0, 1), undetected in previous neutron studies [T.N. Nguyen and H.-C zur
Loye, J. Solid State Chem., 117, 300 (1995)]. The nature of the magnetic ground
state, and the presence of two anomalies common to this family of material, are
discussed on the basis of the results obtained by neutron diffraction,
magnetization measurements, and symmetry arguments
Anisotropic interactions opposing magnetocrystalline anisotropy in SrNiIrO
We report our investigation of the electronic and magnetic excitations of
SrNiIrO by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the Ir L edge.
The intra- electronic transitions are analyzed using an atomic model,
including spin-orbit coupling and trigonal distortion of the IrO
octahedron, confronted to {\it ab initio} quantum chemistry calculations. The
Ir spin-orbital entanglement is quantified and its implication on the magnetic
properties, in particular in inducing highly anisotropic magnetic interactions,
is highlighted. These are included in the spin-wave model proposed to account
for the dispersionless magnetic excitation that we observe at 90 meV. By
counterbalancing the strong Ni easy-plane anisotropy that manifests
itself at high temperature, the anisotropy of the interactions finally leads to
the remarkable easy-axis magnetism reported in this material at low
temperature
Magnetic properties of the honeycomb oxide NaCoTeO
We have studied the magnetic properties of NaCoTeO, which
features a honeycomb lattice of magnetic Co ions, through macroscopic
characterization and neutron diffraction on a powder sample. We have shown that
this material orders in a zig-zag antiferromagnetic structure. In addition to
allowing a linear magnetoelectric coupling, this magnetic arrangement displays
very peculiar spatial magnetic correlations, larger in the honeycomb planes
than between the planes, which do not evolve with the temperature. We have
investigated this behavior by Monte Carlo calculations using the
-- model on a honeycomb lattice with a small interplane
interaction. Our model reproduces the experimental neutron structure factor,
although its absence of temperature evolution must be due to additional
ingredients, such as chemical disorder or quantum fluctuations enhanced by the
proximity to a phase boundary.Comment: 9 pages, 13 figure
Observables in Topological Yang-Mills Theories
Using topological Yang-Mills theory as example, we discuss the definition and
determination of observables in topological field theories (of Witten-type)
within the superspace formulation proposed by Horne. This approach to the
equivariant cohomology leads to a set of bi-descent equations involving the
BRST and supersymmetry operators as well as the exterior derivative. This
allows us to determine superspace expressions for all observables, and thereby
to recover the Donaldson-Witten polynomials when choosing a Wess-Zumino-type
gauge.Comment: 39 pages, Late
DNA array analysis of Candida albicans gene expression in response to adherence to polystyrene.
Candidiasis is often initiated by the colonization of inert surfaces. In order to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this adherence process, DNA macroarrays were used to analyze the transcriptome of Candida albicans, the main causative agent of this mycoses, in a simple adherence model using germ tubes produced in polystyrene Petri dishes. Non-adherent germ tubes produced on glass surface were used as a control. Analysis of gene expression displayed 77 genes identified as statistically overexpressed in adherent germ tubes. Among these genes, some encoded enzymes participating in metabolism of lipids (such as LIP6), of proteins (such as SAP1) or of carbohydrates (like PGI1, PMI40 and PSA1. Some of these genes have already been reported as playing a role in pathogenesis of C. albicans. However, functions were unknown for a large part (45.5%) of the overexpressed genes which will be analyzed further in order to define their relationship with adherence
An approach to map geography mark-up language data to resource description framework schema
GML serves as premier modeling language used to represent data of geographic information related to geography locations. However, a problem of GML is its ability to integrate with a variety of geographical and GPS applications. Since, GML saves data in coordinates and in topology for the purpose to integrate data with variety of applications on semantic web, data be mapped to Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS). An approach of mapping GML metadata to RDFS is presented in this paper. This study focuses on the methodology to convert GML data in semantics to represent in extended and enriched form such as RDFS as representation in RDF is not sufficient over semantic web. Firstly, we have GML script from case study and parse it using GML parser and get XML file. XML file parse using Java and get text file to extract GML features and then get a graph form of these features. After that we designed methodology of prototype tool to map GML features to RDFS. Tool performed features by features mapping and extracted results are represented in the tabular form of mapping GML metadata to RDFS. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.E
- …