Helminths collected from the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) and the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) in Natal

1. The domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) in Natal suffers heavily from verminous infestations. 2. Six species of nematodes and nine species of cestodes have been collected from the digestive tract of the fowl. 3. Three species of nematodes and two species of cestodes have been collected from the digestive tract of the domestic pigeon, which may succumb to heavy infestations. 4. D. crassula (Rud., 1819) Fuhrmann has armed suckers. 5. Chickens may he infected with A. sphenoides by feeding infected earthworms to them. 6. Agriolimas aegrestis is a local intermediate host of D. proglotina.Includes bibliographical referencesThe articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-formatab202

Further investigations into immunization of cattle against rinderpest

1. Kabete goat virus was not transmitted from reacting to susceptible cattle under conditions of close contact. 2. A single doubtful transmission was recorded under conditions of open grazing. 3. A febrile condition of unknown aetiology transmissible from cattle to goats was encountered. 4. Urine from reacting animals was non-infective, but faeces in one out of two cases was infective by drenching. 5. Immunity produced by a single injection of formal-glycerine spleen-vaccine had completely disappeared after 8 months. 6. Immunity produced by triple vaccination with formal-saline vaccine had diminished considerably after 8 months. 7. Triple vaccination followed by a single injection of formal-glycerine spleen vaccine 9 months later produced an immunity which persisted for at least 20 months. 8. The rapid production of immunity induced by a single injection of formal-glycerine spleen-vaccine could be used to control the reaction to K.G.V. An interval of 7 days between vaccine and virus appeared to be the optimum. 9. Spleen-vaccine prepared from cattle reacting to K.G.V. has an inferior antigenic potency. 10. The reaction produced by K.G.V. in grade cattle (British breeds of cattle x Zebu) are severe but usually non-fatal. A durable immunity follows the reaction.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Slow relaxation due to optimization and restructuring: Solution on a hierarchical lattice

Motivated by the large strain shear of loose granular materials we introduced a model which consists of consecutive optimization and restructuring steps leading to a self organization of a density field. The extensive connections to other models of statistical phyics are discussed. We investigate our model on a hierarchical lattice which allows an exact asymptotic renormalization treatment. A surprisingly close analogy is observed between the simulation results on the regular and the hierarchical lattices. The dynamics is characterized by the breakdown of ergodicity, by unusual system size effects in the development of the average density as well as by the age distribution, the latter showing multifractal properties.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures revtex, submitted to PRE see also: cond-mat/020920

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Pan-African Agricultural and Veterinary Conference, Pretoria, 1st to 17th August, 1929 : papers veterinary section

Includes bibliographical reference

Pan-African Agricultural and Veterinary Conference, Pretoria, 1st to 17th August, 1929 : papers veterinary section

Includes bibliographical reference