A Strategic Orientation Model for the Turkish Local e-Governments

Increased environmental uncertainty and complexity along with budget constraints requires public organizations to manage strategically as never before. The environments of public organizations have become increasingly turbulent and more firmly interconnected. During the past two decades, governments have innovated new management tools such as strategic planning, outsourcing, and performance measurement to deal with complex governance and networks to provide their public services. Meanwhile, the drive to implement e-government has resulted in the formulation of many e-government visions and strategies, driven by their own sets of political, economic, and social factors and requirements. With this regard, recent developments in e-service provision of Turkish Local e-Governments deserve empirical and well-structured research. Building on the recent literature, this study draws a strategic orientation framework and tests it by analyzing the contents of strategic documents of 114 Turkish Local e-Governments

Integration of photosynthetic protein molecular complexes in solid-state electronic devices

Plants and photosynthetic bacteria contain protein−molecular complexes that harvest photons with nearly optimum quantum yield and an expected power conversion efficiency exceeding 20%. In this work, we demonstrate the integration of electrically active photosynthetic protein− molecular complexes in solid-state devices, realizing photodetectors and photovoltaic cells with internal quantum efficiencies of approximately 12%. Electronic integration of devices is achieved by self-assembling an oriented monolayer of photosynthetic complexes, stabilizing them with surfactant peptides, and then coating them with a protective organic semiconductor. Photosynthetic complexes are archetypal molecular electronic devices, containing molecular optical and electronic circuitry organized by a protein scaffold. Conventional technology cannot equal the density of the molecular circuitry found in photosynthetic complexes.1 Thus, if integrated with solid-state electronics, photosynthetic complexes might offer an attractive architecture for future generations of circuitry where molecular components are organized by a macromo-lecular scaffold. But like other protein molecular complexes