10 research outputs found
Through genetic architecture of traits of steviol glycosides' yield in Stevia rebaudiana : fine characterization of genetic resources
Le rejet des Ă©dulcorants de synthĂšse par les consommateurs a conduit ces derniers Ă privilĂ©gier les Ă©dulcorants naturels comme les glycosides de stĂ©viol (SG). Ces molĂ©cules sont accumulĂ©es dans les feuilles de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, plante pĂ©renne originaire du Paraguay, et aujourdâhui cultivĂ©e sur tous les continents. Dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, une filiĂšre de production en Agriculture Biologique est en dĂ©veloppement, sous lâimpulsion de la sociĂ©tĂ© Oviatis. Ce travail de thĂšse sous contrat CIFRE sâintĂ©resse Ă la caractĂ©risation fine des ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques cultivĂ©es sur les traits dâintĂ©rĂȘt, et au dĂ©veloppement des connaissances et des outils gĂ©nĂ©tiques sur cette culture. La performance agronomique de la stĂ©via a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par lâĂ©tude des composantes du rendement en SG, de lâarchitecture de la canopĂ©e et de la rĂ©ponse Ă un agent fongique. Ces travaux ont permis (1) lâadaptation de lâĂ©chelle de stades phĂ©nologiques BBCH Ă la culture de la stĂ©via et sa transmission Ă la filiĂšre, (2) lâĂ©valuation des traits du rendement en SG sur 15 ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques de Stevia rebaudiana phĂ©notypĂ©es pendant quatre annĂ©es sur une parcelle expĂ©rimentale, (3) lâĂ©valuation de la variabilitĂ© de la rĂ©ponse Ă une infection de septoriose de ces mĂȘmes ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es et le dĂ©veloppement dâun test dâinoculation sur disques foliaires, (4) dâestimer les paramĂštres gĂ©nĂ©tiques pour les traits du rendement sur quatre populations de stĂ©via cultivĂ©es en plein champ pendant trois ans, (5) enfin de construire des idĂ©otypes de stĂ©via dans le contexte local de production. Ces rĂ©sultats participent au dĂ©veloppement de la stĂ©via dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, et alimentent la mise en place dâun programme dâamĂ©lioration pour une production en Agriculture Biologique.The rejection of synthetic sweeteners by consumers has led to an increase in the use of natural sweeteners such as steviol glycosides. These molecules are accumulated in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a perennial plant from Paraguay, which is now cultivated on all continents. Oviatis is developing the local production sector in organic agriculture in southwestern France. The objectives of this PhD project under CIFRE contract are to finely characterize the genetic resources cultivated in temperate conditions on the traits of interest and to develop a genetic tools and knowledges on this crop. This work has made it possible to (1) the adaptation of BBCH phenological scale to stevia and its skill transfer to the stevia sector, (2) the phenotyping of stĂ©viol glycosides yield on 15 genetic resources of Stevia rebaudiana for 4-years of production, (3) evaluate response variability of the same genetic resources to septoria infection and the development of a leaf-disk inoculation test, (4) to estimate genetic parameters for SG yield traits on four populations cultivated in field trial for three years, and finally (5) to build stevia idĂ©otypes for the local production context. These results are contributing to the development of stevia in southwestern France, and will be used to set up a stevia breeding program for local organic agriculture
Through genetic architecture of traits of steviol glycosides' yield in Stevia rebaudiana : fine characterization of genetic resources
Le rejet des Ă©dulcorants de synthĂšse par les consommateurs a conduit ces derniers Ă privilĂ©gier les Ă©dulcorants naturels comme les glycosides de stĂ©viol (SG). Ces molĂ©cules sont accumulĂ©es dans les feuilles de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, plante pĂ©renne originaire du Paraguay, et aujourdâhui cultivĂ©e sur tous les continents. Dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, une filiĂšre de production en Agriculture Biologique est en dĂ©veloppement, sous lâimpulsion de la sociĂ©tĂ© Oviatis. Ce travail de thĂšse sous contrat CIFRE sâintĂ©resse Ă la caractĂ©risation fine des ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques cultivĂ©es sur les traits dâintĂ©rĂȘt, et au dĂ©veloppement des connaissances et des outils gĂ©nĂ©tiques sur cette culture. La performance agronomique de la stĂ©via a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par lâĂ©tude des composantes du rendement en SG, de lâarchitecture de la canopĂ©e et de la rĂ©ponse Ă un agent fongique. Ces travaux ont permis (1) lâadaptation de lâĂ©chelle de stades phĂ©nologiques BBCH Ă la culture de la stĂ©via et sa transmission Ă la filiĂšre, (2) lâĂ©valuation des traits du rendement en SG sur 15 ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques de Stevia rebaudiana phĂ©notypĂ©es pendant quatre annĂ©es sur une parcelle expĂ©rimentale, (3) lâĂ©valuation de la variabilitĂ© de la rĂ©ponse Ă une infection de septoriose de ces mĂȘmes ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es et le dĂ©veloppement dâun test dâinoculation sur disques foliaires, (4) dâestimer les paramĂštres gĂ©nĂ©tiques pour les traits du rendement sur quatre populations de stĂ©via cultivĂ©es en plein champ pendant trois ans, (5) enfin de construire des idĂ©otypes de stĂ©via dans le contexte local de production. Ces rĂ©sultats participent au dĂ©veloppement de la stĂ©via dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, et alimentent la mise en place dâun programme dâamĂ©lioration pour une production en Agriculture Biologique.The rejection of synthetic sweeteners by consumers has led to an increase in the use of natural sweeteners such as steviol glycosides. These molecules are accumulated in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a perennial plant from Paraguay, which is now cultivated on all continents. Oviatis is developing the local production sector in organic agriculture in southwestern France. The objectives of this PhD project under CIFRE contract are to finely characterize the genetic resources cultivated in temperate conditions on the traits of interest and to develop a genetic tools and knowledges on this crop. This work has made it possible to (1) the adaptation of BBCH phenological scale to stevia and its skill transfer to the stevia sector, (2) the phenotyping of stĂ©viol glycosides yield on 15 genetic resources of Stevia rebaudiana for 4-years of production, (3) evaluate response variability of the same genetic resources to septoria infection and the development of a leaf-disk inoculation test, (4) to estimate genetic parameters for SG yield traits on four populations cultivated in field trial for three years, and finally (5) to build stevia idĂ©otypes for the local production context. These results are contributing to the development of stevia in southwestern France, and will be used to set up a stevia breeding program for local organic agriculture
Vers l'architecture génétique des caractÚres de rendement en glycosides de stéviol chez Stevia rebaudiana : caractérisation fine des ressources génétiques
The rejection of synthetic sweeteners by consumers has led to an increase in the use of natural sweeteners such as steviol glycosides. These molecules are accumulated in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a perennial plant from Paraguay, which is now cultivated on all continents. Oviatis is developing the local production sector in organic agriculture in southwestern France. The objectives of this PhD project under CIFRE contract are to finely characterize the genetic resources cultivated in temperate conditions on the traits of interest and to develop a genetic tools and knowledges on this crop. This work has made it possible to (1) the adaptation of BBCH phenological scale to stevia and its skill transfer to the stevia sector, (2) the phenotyping of stĂ©viol glycosides yield on 15 genetic resources of Stevia rebaudiana for 4-years of production, (3) evaluate response variability of the same genetic resources to septoria infection and the development of a leaf-disk inoculation test, (4) to estimate genetic parameters for SG yield traits on four populations cultivated in field trial for three years, and finally (5) to build stevia idĂ©otypes for the local production context. These results are contributing to the development of stevia in southwestern France, and will be used to set up a stevia breeding program for local organic agriculture.Le rejet des Ă©dulcorants de synthĂšse par les consommateurs a conduit ces derniers Ă privilĂ©gier les Ă©dulcorants naturels comme les glycosides de stĂ©viol (SG). Ces molĂ©cules sont accumulĂ©es dans les feuilles de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, plante pĂ©renne originaire du Paraguay, et aujourdâhui cultivĂ©e sur tous les continents. Dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, une filiĂšre de production en Agriculture Biologique est en dĂ©veloppement, sous lâimpulsion de la sociĂ©tĂ© Oviatis. Ce travail de thĂšse sous contrat CIFRE sâintĂ©resse Ă la caractĂ©risation fine des ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques cultivĂ©es sur les traits dâintĂ©rĂȘt, et au dĂ©veloppement des connaissances et des outils gĂ©nĂ©tiques sur cette culture. La performance agronomique de la stĂ©via a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par lâĂ©tude des composantes du rendement en SG, de lâarchitecture de la canopĂ©e et de la rĂ©ponse Ă un agent fongique. Ces travaux ont permis (1) lâadaptation de lâĂ©chelle de stades phĂ©nologiques BBCH Ă la culture de la stĂ©via et sa transmission Ă la filiĂšre, (2) lâĂ©valuation des traits du rendement en SG sur 15 ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques de Stevia rebaudiana phĂ©notypĂ©es pendant quatre annĂ©es sur une parcelle expĂ©rimentale, (3) lâĂ©valuation de la variabilitĂ© de la rĂ©ponse Ă une infection de septoriose de ces mĂȘmes ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es et le dĂ©veloppement dâun test dâinoculation sur disques foliaires, (4) dâestimer les paramĂštres gĂ©nĂ©tiques pour les traits du rendement sur quatre populations de stĂ©via cultivĂ©es en plein champ pendant trois ans, (5) enfin de construire des idĂ©otypes de stĂ©via dans le contexte local de production. Ces rĂ©sultats participent au dĂ©veloppement de la stĂ©via dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, et alimentent la mise en place dâun programme dâamĂ©lioration pour une production en Agriculture Biologique
Through genetic architecture of traits of steviol glycosides' yield in Stevia rebaudiana : fine characterization of genetic resources
Le rejet des Ă©dulcorants de synthĂšse par les consommateurs a conduit ces derniers Ă privilĂ©gier les Ă©dulcorants naturels comme les glycosides de stĂ©viol (SG). Ces molĂ©cules sont accumulĂ©es dans les feuilles de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, plante pĂ©renne originaire du Paraguay, et aujourdâhui cultivĂ©e sur tous les continents. Dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, une filiĂšre de production en Agriculture Biologique est en dĂ©veloppement, sous lâimpulsion de la sociĂ©tĂ© Oviatis. Ce travail de thĂšse sous contrat CIFRE sâintĂ©resse Ă la caractĂ©risation fine des ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques cultivĂ©es sur les traits dâintĂ©rĂȘt, et au dĂ©veloppement des connaissances et des outils gĂ©nĂ©tiques sur cette culture. La performance agronomique de la stĂ©via a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par lâĂ©tude des composantes du rendement en SG, de lâarchitecture de la canopĂ©e et de la rĂ©ponse Ă un agent fongique. Ces travaux ont permis (1) lâadaptation de lâĂ©chelle de stades phĂ©nologiques BBCH Ă la culture de la stĂ©via et sa transmission Ă la filiĂšre, (2) lâĂ©valuation des traits du rendement en SG sur 15 ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques de Stevia rebaudiana phĂ©notypĂ©es pendant quatre annĂ©es sur une parcelle expĂ©rimentale, (3) lâĂ©valuation de la variabilitĂ© de la rĂ©ponse Ă une infection de septoriose de ces mĂȘmes ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es et le dĂ©veloppement dâun test dâinoculation sur disques foliaires, (4) dâestimer les paramĂštres gĂ©nĂ©tiques pour les traits du rendement sur quatre populations de stĂ©via cultivĂ©es en plein champ pendant trois ans, (5) enfin de construire des idĂ©otypes de stĂ©via dans le contexte local de production. Ces rĂ©sultats participent au dĂ©veloppement de la stĂ©via dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, et alimentent la mise en place dâun programme dâamĂ©lioration pour une production en Agriculture Biologique.The rejection of synthetic sweeteners by consumers has led to an increase in the use of natural sweeteners such as steviol glycosides. These molecules are accumulated in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a perennial plant from Paraguay, which is now cultivated on all continents. Oviatis is developing the local production sector in organic agriculture in southwestern France. The objectives of this PhD project under CIFRE contract are to finely characterize the genetic resources cultivated in temperate conditions on the traits of interest and to develop a genetic tools and knowledges on this crop. This work has made it possible to (1) the adaptation of BBCH phenological scale to stevia and its skill transfer to the stevia sector, (2) the phenotyping of stĂ©viol glycosides yield on 15 genetic resources of Stevia rebaudiana for 4-years of production, (3) evaluate response variability of the same genetic resources to septoria infection and the development of a leaf-disk inoculation test, (4) to estimate genetic parameters for SG yield traits on four populations cultivated in field trial for three years, and finally (5) to build stevia idĂ©otypes for the local production context. These results are contributing to the development of stevia in southwestern France, and will be used to set up a stevia breeding program for local organic agriculture
Through genetic architecture of traits of steviol glycosides' yield in Stevia rebaudiana : fine characterization of genetic resources
Le rejet des Ă©dulcorants de synthĂšse par les consommateurs a conduit ces derniers Ă privilĂ©gier les Ă©dulcorants naturels comme les glycosides de stĂ©viol (SG). Ces molĂ©cules sont accumulĂ©es dans les feuilles de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, plante pĂ©renne originaire du Paraguay, et aujourdâhui cultivĂ©e sur tous les continents. Dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, une filiĂšre de production en Agriculture Biologique est en dĂ©veloppement, sous lâimpulsion de la sociĂ©tĂ© Oviatis. Ce travail de thĂšse sous contrat CIFRE sâintĂ©resse Ă la caractĂ©risation fine des ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques cultivĂ©es sur les traits dâintĂ©rĂȘt, et au dĂ©veloppement des connaissances et des outils gĂ©nĂ©tiques sur cette culture. La performance agronomique de la stĂ©via a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par lâĂ©tude des composantes du rendement en SG, de lâarchitecture de la canopĂ©e et de la rĂ©ponse Ă un agent fongique. Ces travaux ont permis (1) lâadaptation de lâĂ©chelle de stades phĂ©nologiques BBCH Ă la culture de la stĂ©via et sa transmission Ă la filiĂšre, (2) lâĂ©valuation des traits du rendement en SG sur 15 ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques de Stevia rebaudiana phĂ©notypĂ©es pendant quatre annĂ©es sur une parcelle expĂ©rimentale, (3) lâĂ©valuation de la variabilitĂ© de la rĂ©ponse Ă une infection de septoriose de ces mĂȘmes ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es et le dĂ©veloppement dâun test dâinoculation sur disques foliaires, (4) dâestimer les paramĂštres gĂ©nĂ©tiques pour les traits du rendement sur quatre populations de stĂ©via cultivĂ©es en plein champ pendant trois ans, (5) enfin de construire des idĂ©otypes de stĂ©via dans le contexte local de production. Ces rĂ©sultats participent au dĂ©veloppement de la stĂ©via dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, et alimentent la mise en place dâun programme dâamĂ©lioration pour une production en Agriculture Biologique.The rejection of synthetic sweeteners by consumers has led to an increase in the use of natural sweeteners such as steviol glycosides. These molecules are accumulated in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a perennial plant from Paraguay, which is now cultivated on all continents. Oviatis is developing the local production sector in organic agriculture in southwestern France. The objectives of this PhD project under CIFRE contract are to finely characterize the genetic resources cultivated in temperate conditions on the traits of interest and to develop a genetic tools and knowledges on this crop. This work has made it possible to (1) the adaptation of BBCH phenological scale to stevia and its skill transfer to the stevia sector, (2) the phenotyping of stĂ©viol glycosides yield on 15 genetic resources of Stevia rebaudiana for 4-years of production, (3) evaluate response variability of the same genetic resources to septoria infection and the development of a leaf-disk inoculation test, (4) to estimate genetic parameters for SG yield traits on four populations cultivated in field trial for three years, and finally (5) to build stevia idĂ©otypes for the local production context. These results are contributing to the development of stevia in southwestern France, and will be used to set up a stevia breeding program for local organic agriculture
To cut or not to cut? That is the question in first year harvest of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni production
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a perennial crop from north Paraguay (humid subtropical climate), belonging to the Asteraceae family. Stevia is an emerging crop in Europe (mild climate), cultivated for its steviol glycosides (SG), natural sweeteners that are 300 times sweeter than sucrose which is the main agronomical and industrial interest of stevia. Recent studies showed that it is possible to cultivate stevia in mild climates as a perennial and economically viable crop. However, lack of knowledge on cropping system specific to perennial plants, the duration of cultivation, the overwintering and the impact of first-year crop establishment act as a disincentive to crop expansion. Harvest management through the impact of harvesting in the first year of establishment was investigated for agronomic traits over three years of production- for 15 stevia genotypes cultivated in the south-west of France. Two harvest modalities were compared: 2H when the plant is not harvested in the first year of establishment and 3H when the plant is harvested in the first year. The genotypes performance was assessed based on: regrowth rate after winter, SG yield (g/plant) through its two components of SG content (%w/w) and dry leaf biomass (g/plant), and the SG profile. Two cumulative variables, cumulated SG yield and cumulated dry leaf biomass, were also added to the study to obtain an overview of genotype performance during cultivation time and in both harvest modalities. The tested genotypes showed a wide range of response for overwintering, but with a significant decrease of 30 % survival rate for plants harvested in first year (3H). SG yield and dry leaf biomass results presented high variability among the different genotypes. These traits were also significantly impacted by the harvest modality, and a decrease in SG yield and dry leaf biomass was identified for plants harvested in first year (3H). No clear tendency was revealed for SG content or SG profile. Cumulative variables confirmed previous results showing a better SG yield and leaf biomass production for plants non-harvested during the first year (2H), at crop-life scale. Our results, on a wide range of genotypes, shed light on the agronomic management of Stevia rebaudiana in temperate conditions. They suggest the interest of a first year without harvest, allowing a better establishment of the crop, a better overwintering and a better cumulative yield
QTL mapping and successful introgression of the spring wheat-derived QTL Fhb1 for Fusarium head blight resistance in three European triticale populations
Key message The spring wheat-derived QTL Fhb1 was successfully introgressed into triticale and resulted in significantly improved FHB resistance in the three triticale mapping populations. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major problem in cereal production particularly because of mycotoxin contaminations. Here we characterized the resistance to FHB in triticale breeding material harboring resistance factors from bread wheat. A highly FHB-resistant experimental line which derives from a triticale x wheat cross was crossed to several modern triticale cultivars. Three populations of recombinant inbred lines were generated and evaluated in field experiments for FHB resistance using spray inoculations during four seasons and were genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing and SSR markers. FHB severity was assessed in the field by visual scorings and on the harvested grain samples using digital picture analysis for quantifying the whitened kernel surface (WKS). Four QTLs with major effects on FHB resistance were identified, mapping to chromosomes 2B, 3B, 5R, and 7A. Those QTLs were detectable with both Fusarium severity traits. Measuring of WKS allows easy and fast grain symptom quantification and appears as an effective scoring tool for FHB resistance. The QTL on 3B collocated with Fhb1, and the QTL on 5R with the dwarfing gene Ddw1. This is the first report demonstrating the successful introgression of Fhb1 into triticale. It comprises a significant step forward for enhancing FHB resistance in this crop