Conducting Polymer‐Ionic Liquid Electrode Arrays for High‐Density Surface Electromyography

Abstract: Surface electromyography (EMG) is used as a medical diagnostic and to control prosthetic limbs. Electrode arrays that provide large‐area, high density recordings have the potential to yield significant improvements in both fronts, but the need remains largely unfulfilled. Here, digital fabrication techniques are used to make scalable electrode arrays that capture EMG signals with mm spatial resolution. Using electrodes made of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composites with the biocompatible ionic liquid (IL) cholinium lactate, the arrays enable high quality spatiotemporal recordings from the forearm of volunteers. These recordings allow to identify the motions of the index, little, and middle fingers, and to directly visualize the propagation of polarization/depolarization waves in the underlying muscles. This work paves the way for scalable fabrication of cutaneous electrophysiology arrays for personalized medicine and highly articulate prostheses

Mutations with pathogenic potential in proteins located in or at the composite junctions of the intercalated disk connecting mammalian cardiomyocytes: a reference thesaurus for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies and for Naxos and Carvajal diseases

In the past decade, an avalanche of findings and reports has correlated arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathies (ARVC) and Naxos and Carvajal diseases with certain mutations in protein constituents of the special junctions connecting the polar regions (intercalated disks) of mature mammalian cardiomyocytes. These molecules, apparently together with some specific cytoskeletal proteins, are components of (or interact with) composite junctions. Composite junctions contain the amalgamated fusion products of the molecules that, in other cell types and tissues, occur in distinct separate junctions, i.e. desmosomes and adherens junctions. As the pertinent literature is still in an expanding phase and is obviously becoming important for various groups of researchers in basic cell and molecular biology, developmental biology, histology, physiology, cardiology, pathology and genetics, the relevant references so far recognized have been collected and are presented here in the following order: desmocollin-2 (Dsc2, DSC2), desmoglein-2 (Dsg2, DSG2), desmoplakin (DP, DSP), plakoglobin (PG, JUP), plakophilin-2 (Pkp2, PKP2) and some non-desmosomal proteins such as transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43), ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2), desmin, lamins A and C, striatin, titin and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3), followed by a collection of animal models and of reviews, commentaries, collections and comparative studies

Emerging iongel materials towards applications in energy and bioelectronics

This review presents an integrated perspective on the recent progress and advances of emerging iongel materials and their applications in the areas of energy, gas separation and (bio)electronics.</jats:p

Miopatias distais: análise clínica, laboratorial, eletromiográfica, histológico-histoquímica de oito casos

As miopatias distais são entidades raras e de difícil classificação. Descrevemos oito casos de miopatias distais, cinco do sexo masculino e três do feminino, em que, o início dos sintomas ocorreu aos 10 anos em cinco e aos 20 em três. O início dos sintomas se deu na musculatura distal dos membros inferiores e a seguir dos membros superiores, posteriormente afetando as porções proximais dos quatro membros. As enzimas séricas de origem muscular mostraram discreta elevação em cinco casos, moderada em um e importante em dois. As eletromiografias sugeriram miopatia primária em quatro, desinervação em dois e era de tipo neuromiopático em outro. As biópsias musculares revelaram sinais de envolvimento misto (miopatia e desinervação) em dois casos, miopatia crônica ativa em cinco e miopatia crônica em um. Quatro casos apresentavam vacúolos com conteúdo positivo na fosfatase ácida, em dois do tipo marginado. Seis casos mostraram importante aumento focal da fosfatase ácida, sugerindo patogenia com importante participação lisosomal. Dois dos casos foram classificados como miopatia distal autossômica recessiva variante de Welander; dois, como autossômica recessiva tipo Miyoshi; dois, como autossômica recessiva com vacúolos marginados (Myzuzawa e Nonaka); e dois, na classificação de miscelânea