Rheology and electrorheology of fumed silica nanoparticles in silicone oil: effect of surface chemistry and nanoparticle loading

by Prashant LavaniaM.Tech

Interferometric scattering enables fluorescence-free electrokinetic trapping of single nanoparticles in free solution

Anti-Brownian traps confine single particles in free solution by closed-loop feedback forces that directly counteract Brownian motion. The extended-duration measurement of trapped objects allows detailed characterization of photophysical and transport properties, as well as observation of infrequent or rare dynamics. However, this approach has been generally limited to particles that can be tracked by fluorescent emission. Here we present the Interferometric Scattering Anti-Brownian ELectrokinetic trap (ISABEL trap), which uses interferometric scattering rather than fluorescence to monitor particle position. By decoupling the ability to track (and therefore trap) a particle from collection of its spectroscopic data, the ISABEL trap enables confinement and extended study of single particles that do not fluoresce, that only weakly fluoresce, or which exhibit intermittent fluorescence or photobleaching. This new technique significantly expands the range of nanoscale objects that may be investigated at the single-particle level in free solution.Comment: Manuscript and SI; videos available upon reques

History of Tehri Rockfill Dam Design

A 260.5 m high rockfill dam is one of the main components of Tehri Dam Project which is under construction for the last over seventeen years. During this period detailed site investigations have been carried out and design of the dam is kept under constant review. A number of studies are conducted to provide feasible solutions to anticipated problems. The paper describes main design features of the dam mentioning the changes necessitated time to time with regard to these

Behaviour of Ramganga Dams

Two earth and boulder fill dams of height 127.6 m and 72.2 m are major structures of Ramganga River Project. Their foundation rocks are alternations of clayshale and sandrock of Middle Siwaliks. Both have thick core consisting of central zone of crushed clayshale encased by crushed sandrock zones. The clayshale and sandrock available from spillway excavations, just adjacent to these dams, were utilized as dam fill. No major problem except that of seepage control in cut off trench excavation and compaction near abutments, was encountered during construction. Both the dams are well instrumented. Their construction was completed in 1974-75 and the reservoir has nine fillings since then. Observations reveal that phreatic line has not yet been fully established. The stressmeters installed in clay zone of the core of main dam show effective stresses less than half of the overburden effective stresses, thereby indicating arching due to interaction between clay and sand zones of core

Treatment of Left Bank Slopes of Ichari Dam

The left bank of Ichari Diversion Dam was anticipated unstable because of toe submergence and drawdown effects after the construction of the dam, on the weak geological formations. Extensive laboratory and field investigations were carried out to determine the extent of stabilising measures needed. The proposals of providing pretensioned steel anchors or alternatively, reinforced concrete shaft anchors were considered in details to obviate the possibility of deep seated slides. The choice fell in favour of R.C. anchors mainly because there is no uncertainty about their in situ strength. These anchors were provided in two rows (one having vertical and other inclined anchors) at 9.0m spacing. The design of these anchors was done as continuous space frame with ultimate load theory. The two rows are connected at the top with a 6.0m thick concrete slab (monolith). A massive concrete retaining wall of 9.0m height rests on this slab with provision of shear keys. Above this elevation, concrete bocks and boulder pitching, with back filters, have been used to stabilise the slope at a gradient of 1.5:1 (H:V) in the hill wash material zone

Effect of different organo-mineral fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Perlette grapeII. Effect on yield and quality

The present study on grape nutrition was carried out with a view to find out the effects of different organo-mineral fertilizers on yield and quality of Perlette grape. The results obtained are summarized below.T15 (bonemeal 0.5 kg + neemcake 0.5 kg + bloodmeal 0.5 kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 0.990 kg + superphosphate 0.456 kg + muriate of potash 0.813 kg) gave maximum number of bunches per plant followed by T13 (bonemeal 0.5 kg + bloodmeal 0.5 kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 1.22 kg + superphosphate 0.487 kg + muriate of potash 0.825 kg) in the year 1973-74 while in the year 1972-73 they exchanged their positions. The same treatments also produced the longest bunches having maximum diameter in both the years. Mean weight of the bunches and volume of bunches were also highest under T15, closely followed by T13 and T12 (bonemeal 0.5 kg + neemcake 0.5 kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 1.014 kg + superphosphate 0.500 kg + muriate of potash 0.822 kg). As a conseqμence, maximum yield was recorded under T15, followed by T13. Maximum TSS content was observed under T15 and maximum acidity under T1 (calcium ammonium nitrate 1.22 kg + superphosphate 0.782 kg + muriate of potash 0.833 kg). Maximum total sugar content and reducing sugar content were noted under T15 while maximum non-reducing sugar content was observed under T16 (farm yard manure 8 kg+ bonemeal 0.5 kg + neemcake 0.5 kg + bloodmeal 0.5 kg + calcium ammonium nitrate 0.629 kg + muriate of potash 0.640 kg).Einfluß verschiedener organisch-mineralischer Dünger auf Wachstum, Ertrag und Qualität bei der Rebensorte PerletteII. Beeinflussung von Ertrag und Qualität Organisch-mineralische Düngergemische unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung wirkten sich folgendermaßen auf den Ertrag und die Traubenqualität der Rebensorte Perlette aus:Im Versuchsjahr 1973-74 wurde durch Düngung mit T15 (0,5 kg Knochenmehl + 0,5 kg Zedrach-Preßkuchen + 0,5 kg Blutmehl + 0,990 kg Kalkammonsalpeter + 0,456 kg Superphosphat+ 0,813 kg Chlorkalium) die höchste Anzahl von Trauben je Rebe erzielt; an zweiter Stelle folgle der Dünger T13 (0,5 kg Knochenmehl + 0,5 kg Blutmehl + 1,22 kg Kalkammonsalpeter + 0,487 kg Superphosphat + 0,825 kg Chlorkalium), 1973-74 war die Düngerwirkung umgekehrt. In beiden Jahren wurden unter dem Einfluß dieser zwei Düngervarlanten auch die längsten Trauben mit dem größten Durchmesser gebildet. Bei Anwendung von T15 wurde auch das höchste Durchschnittsgewicht und -volumen der Trauben gemessen; nur wenig darunter lagen T13 und T12 (0,5 kg Knochenmehl + 0,5 kg Zedrach-Preßkuchen + 1,014 kg Kalkammonsalpeter + 0,500 kg Superphosphat + 0,822 kg Chlorkalium). Infolgedessen war der Höchstertrag bei T15, gefolgt von T13, zu verzeichnen. Der höchste Gehalt an löslicher Trockensubstanz wurde bei T15, der höchste Säuregrad bei T1 (1,22 kg Kalkammonsalpeter + 0,782 kg Superphosphat + 0,833 kg Chlorkalium) festgestellt. Die höchsten Konzentrationen des Gesamtzuckers und der reduzierenden Zucker wurden bei T15 beobachtet; die höchste Konzentration der nichtreduzierenden Zucker erbrachte dagegen T16 (8 kg Stallmist + 0,5 kg Knochenmehl + 0,5 kg Zedrach-Preßkuchen + 0,5 kg Blutmehl + 0,629 kg Kalkammonsalpeter + 0,640 kg Chlorkalium)

Review and Analysis on Solar Energy Forecasting Using Soft Computing and Machine Learning Methodologies

Traditional power producing methods can't keep pace with India's growing need for electricity. New Delhi to Kolkata were all without power as of July 30, 2012, due to the world's largest blackout. In the next five years, India's power generation capacity will expand by 44 percent. Demand for power develops as India's population and economy expand. To reduce power outages and satisfy future energy needs, what needs to be changed? India has made the decision to move away from fossil fuels in favor of renewable energy sources, both for economic and environmental reasons. There has been an increase in the use of solar PV panels as a sustainable energy source in recent years. With improved access to data and computing power, machine-learning algorithms can now make better predictions. Machine learning and time series models can assist many stakeholders in the energy industry make accurate projections of solar PV energy output. In this study, various machine learning algorithms and time series models are evaluated to find which is most effective. While much research has already gone into wind energy forecasting, solar energy forecasting is only now beginning to see an uptick in interest. A detailed review and analysis model is presented in this study. Power system operational planning has become a major issue in today's world. In order for the power system to function properly, a range of factors must be anticipated with the utmost accuracy over various forecasting horizons. It is important to note, however, that scholars have devised a variety of methods for forecasting distinct factors. Exogenous variables play an important role in the implementation and analysis of new forecasting models that have recently been published in the literature. In order to predict renewable energy resources, an intelligent approach is needed. Achieving the best accurate forecasts for these variables while minimizing computing effort is a work in progress because of the rising complexity of the power system. Solar power forecasting as well as wind power forecasting will be the focus of this research in light of these concerns. Comparing these models' outcomes to the results of previous models will also be done

Anatomizing extracellular polymer of Calothrix desertica with its anti-oxidation and anti-nutrient profiling

Calothrix desertica having a semilunar apical heterocyst is proficient at excreting 1.2 g/L of extracellular polymers (EPsC) in 45 days. The refined EPsC constitutes 430 mg/g of glycogen, 390 mg/g of protein, and 14.6 mg/g of glycoproteins (GPs). The glycoprotein estimation of EPsC was performed by two step hydrolysis methods with H2SO4. The peak between 10 mAU to 20 mAU in HPLC, 1400 cm-1 to 1700 cm-1 in FTIR, and 40kDa- 35kDa bands in SDS-PAGE authenticates the presence of glycoproteins in the EPsC. The EPsC agglomerate of 1000 nm to 3000 nm size with a Zeta potential of -20 mV to 5 mV was determined using DLS. Further EPsC of nanosizes of 30 nm to 150 nm in 50,000 X and 20 nm to 40 nm in 60,000 X was measured using FE- SEM. The DPPH assay and H2O2 scavenging assay showed 73.1% and 70.8% of anti-oxidant activity in EPsC, which is coequally efficient as standard gallic acid. EPsC biopolymer can also be used as a potential reducing agent, as per the anti-nutrient activity studies

Soil Liquefaction in Nepal-Bihar Earthquake of August 21, 1988

Liquefaction of the soil occurred at many places in the Nepal-Bihar earthquake. In the great earthquake of 1934 in this region, there had also been wide spread liquefaction of soil. Analysis for determining the influence of acceleration level, relative density, particle size and depth of soil on liquefiability of soil has been carried out, using the three most commonly used approaches and the difference in the results brought out

EtiCor: Corpus for Analyzing LLMs for Etiquettes

Etiquettes are an essential ingredient of day-to-day interactions among people. Moreover, etiquettes are region-specific, and etiquettes in one region might contradict those in other regions. In this paper, we propose EtiCor, an Etiquettes Corpus, having texts about social norms from five different regions across the globe. The corpus provides a test bed for evaluating LLMs for knowledge and understanding of region-specific etiquettes. Additionally, we propose the task of Etiquette Sensitivity. We experiment with state-of-the-art LLMs (Delphi, Falcon40B, and GPT-3.5). Initial results indicate that LLMs, mostly fail to understand etiquettes from regions from non-Western world.Comment: Accepted at EMNLP 2023, Main Conferenc