27 research outputs found

    Les protéines à domaine patatine

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    Les avancĂ©es prodigieuses dans le sĂ©quençage des gĂ©nomes ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence nombre de nouveaux gĂšnes jusqu’alors inconnus, ouvrant ainsi un vaste chantier d’investigations relatives Ă  la caractĂ©risation de leurs fonctions biologiques. L’ùre de la gĂ©nomique fonctionnelle succĂšde donc Ă  celle du sĂ©quençage des gĂ©nomes avec comme enjeu majeur de permettre une meilleure comprĂ©hension de la physiologie cellulaire. Ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, plusieurs protĂ©ines partageant un mĂȘme domaine protĂ©ique appelĂ© patatine, ou domaine PNPLA (patatin-like phospholipase domain), ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©couvertes. Certains membres de cette nouvelle famille enzymatique dotĂ©e d’activitĂ©s de type lipase/transacylase ont des rĂŽles majeurs dans la rĂ©gulation du mĂ©tabolisme lipidique. Cet article fait le point sur les derniĂšres dĂ©couvertes concernant ces enzymes, la diversitĂ© de leurs activitĂ©s enzymatiques, leurs rĂŽles physiologiques chez les organismes supĂ©rieurs ainsi que leurs implications en pathologie humaine

    Carctérisation fonctionnelle de la protéine adiponutrine (implication de l'adiponutrine dans le métabolisme glucido-lipidique)

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    PARIS-BIUSJ-ThĂšses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Trois stratégies tutorales en licence

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    La littĂ©rature portant sur le tuteur en enseignement Ă  distance est abondante. De façon non exhaustive, les chercheurs indiquent que le tuteur a pour rĂŽle primordial de permettre la rupture de l’isolement de l’apprenant, de rester en contact avec ce dernier, bref d’estomper les effets de la distance sur les apprentissages. En d’autres termes, le fait de mettre en ligne des cours ne suffit pas Ă  rendre pĂ©renne et efficient un dispositif FOAD. Il est dĂšs lors indispensable de passer par une pha..

    Rediscovering Ducos du Hauron's color photography through a review of his three-color printing processes and synchrotron microanalysis of his prints

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    International audienceLouis Ducos du Huron (1837–1920) dedicated his entire life to the elaboration of physical–chemical processes for color photography. This study aimed at highlighting his unique contribution to three‐color printing through 1) an in‐depth review of the many protocols he published and 2) the synchrotron‐based IR and X‐ray microanalysis of fragments sampled in three artworks. Ducos du Hauron's method relied on the preparation and assembly of three monochromes (red, blue, yellow). This study brings to light complex multistep recipes based on photochemistry (carbon print), organic, and inorganic chemistry. The various ingredients involved (e.g., pigments, dichromate gelatin, collodion, resin) were identified and localized through their spectroscopic signature, confirming the relevance of synchrotron spectromicroscopy for the characterization of historical photographs. The impressive correlation between texts and chemical analyses calls for a wider application to the history of photography

    A Dietary Supplement Containing Cinnamon, Chromium and Carnosine Decreases Fasting Plasma Glucose and Increases Lean Mass in Overweight or Obese Pre-Diabetic Subjects: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

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    International audienceBackgroundPreventing or slowing the progression of prediabetes to diabetes is a major therapeutic issue.ObjectivesOur aim was to evaluate the effects of 4-month treatment with a dietary supplement containing cinnamon, chromium and carnosine in moderately obese or overweight pre-diabetic subjects, the primary outcome being change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level. Other parameters of plasma glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, adiposity and inflammatory markers were also assessed.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 62 subjects with a FPG level ranging from 5.55 to 7 mmol/L and a body mass index ≄25 kg/m2, unwilling to change their dietary and physical activity habits, were allocated to receive a 4-month treatment with either 1.2 g/day of the dietary supplement or placebo. Patients were followed up until 6 months post-randomization.ResultsFour-month treatment with the dietary supplement decreased FPG compared to placebo (-0.24±0.50 vs +0.12±0.59 mmol/L, respectively, p = 0.02), without detectable significant changes in HbA1c. Insulin sensitivity markers, plasma insulin, plasma lipids and inflammatory markers did not differ between the treatment groups. Although there were no significant differences in changes in body weight and energy or macronutrient intakes between the two groups, fat-free mass (%) increased with the dietary supplement compared to placebo (p = 0.02). Subjects with a higher FPG level and a milder inflammatory state at baseline benefited most from the dietary supplement.ConclusionsFour-month treatment with a dietary supplement containing cinnamon, chromium and carnosine decreased FPG and increased fat-free mass in overweight or obese pre-diabetic subjects. These beneficial effects might open up new avenues in the prevention of diabetes

    Le Campus numérique FORSE : analyses et témoignages

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    FORSE (formation Ă  distance en sciences de l'Ă©ducation) est issu d'un partenariat entre les universitĂ©s de Lyon 2 et Rouen avec le Centre national d'Éducation Ă  distance. Chaque annĂ©e, prĂšs de 1 200 Ă©tudiants suivent leurs Ă©tudes en ligne dans le cadre d'un cursus complet en sciences de l'Ă©ducation. Cet ouvrage propose des tĂ©moignages et des articles plus rĂ©flexifs sur le rĂŽle des regroupements en formation Ă  distance, la scĂ©narisation des activitĂ©s d'apprentissage, la mĂ©diatisation des cours, la problĂ©matique du changement chez les enseignants, le lien entre le dispositif de formation et les pratiques sociales des apprenants, les rĂ©partitions gĂ©ographiques des inscrits selon les diplĂŽmes, la question du cadre et des limites du dispositif dans une dynamique paradoxale de libertĂ©/contrainte et de distance/proximitĂ©... Ces contributions suggĂšrent que les participations conceptuelles des auteurs « non-spĂ©cialistes en FOAD (formations ouvertes et Ă  distance) », mais acteurs d'un dispositif, peuvent enrichir en dĂ©finitive la rĂ©flexion et le questionnement des spĂ©cialistes du champ des TICE (technologies de l'information et de la communication pour l'Ă©ducation)

    Consort flow diagram.

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    <p>ITT: intention-to-treat. One subject in the dietary supplement group was lost to follow-up at Month 2, and one subject in the placebo group was withdrawn from the study at Month 2 due to a serious adverse event not related to study treatment (new condition with a need for hormonal treatment).</p

    Study variables before and after 4-month treatment with dietary supplement or placebo.

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    <p>Values are expressed as mean±SD. M4: Month 4; FPG: fasting plasma glucose. FP insulin: fasting plasma insulin; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-B (%): ÎČ cell function; HOMA-S (%): insulin sensitivity; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; FFA: free fatty acids; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; IL-6: interleukin-6; Akt: serine/threonine protein kinase B. Baseline data did not differ between groups using unpaired Student t-tests. Baseline and 4-month data in each group were compared using paired Student’s t-tests; Changes (values at 4 months–values at baseline/values at baseline*100) in the placebo and dietary supplement groups were compared using unpaired Student’s t-test.</p
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