139 research outputs found
The effect of dietary nicotine on the allocation of assimilated food to energy metabolism and growth in fourth-instar larvae of the southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Dietary nicotine (0.5%), which is a substrate of the PSMO (polysubstrate monooxygenase) detoxification system in the southern armyworm Spodoptera eridania , has significant negative effects on the weight of food ingested, weight gained, relative growth rate (RGR), and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) by fourthinstar S. eridania larvae on a nutrient-rich artificial diet. It has a significant positive effect on the weight of food respired by the larvae. Thus, the detoxification of nicotine by the PSMO system exacts a fitness cost and imposes a metabolic cost on S. eridania larvae. In contrast, dietary α-(+)-pinene, an inducer of the PSMO system, neither exacts a fitness cost nor imposes a metabolic cost on the larvae. We believe this to be the first study to demonstrate unequivocally that the negative effect of a dietary toxin on net growth efficiency (ECD) in an insect herbivore is due to an increase in the allocation of assimilated food to energy metabolism and not to a decrease in the amount of food assimilated. This study, therefore, supports the hypothesis that detoxification can impose a significant metabolic load on an insect herbivore. Implications of a corroboration of the metabolic load hypothesis are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47797/1/442_2004_Article_BF00317425.pd
The restorative role of annexin A1 at the bloodâbrain barrier
Annexin A1 is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule that has been extensively studied in the peripheral immune
system, but has not as yet been exploited as a therapeutic target/agent. In the last decade, we have undertaken the
study of this molecule in the central nervous system (CNS), focusing particularly on the primary interface between the
peripheral body and CNS: the bloodâbrain barrier. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of this molecule
in the brain, with a particular emphasis on its functions in the endothelium of the bloodâbrain barrier, and the protective
actions the molecule may exert in neuroinflammatory, neurovascular and metabolic disease. We focus on the
possible new therapeutic avenues opened up by an increased understanding of the role of annexin A1 in the CNS
vasculature, and its potential for repairing bloodâbrain barrier damage in disease and aging
Evolution of the electrochemical interface in high-temperature fuel cells and electrolysers
A new rapid micromethod for the assay of phenobarbital from dried blood spots by LC-tandem mass spectrometry
Effects of NaCl and KNO3 concentrations on the abscisic acid content of Dunaliella sp. (Chlorophyta)
YBa2Cu3O7âx Thin Film Growth on Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia
Effect of abscisic acid on maize root growth. A critical examination
The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on the growth of maize roots maintained in the dark is investigated in relation to the root varieties and the root age, the mode of application, the concentration used and the duration of both the treatment and the culture. In all the assays, when ABA produces a significant change in root elongation, it shows an inhibitory effect which is enhanced with increasing ABA concentration. The data strongly support the hypothesis that ABA could be one of the growth inhibitors which are formed in or released from the root cap
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