СИНДРОМ ОБСТРУКТИВНОГО АПНОЭ СНА У ДЕТЕЙ КАК РИСК РАЗВИТИЯ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ

Objective: Our aim was to examine the predictors of cardiovascular disorders in children affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) based on the results of polysomnography and continuous monitoring of blood glycose. Мethods: Before the examination, parents filled in questionnaires concerning their children sleep quality. The procedure was followed by the study of the sleep by means of polysomnography (Embla s 7000, USA). A system of continuous monitoring of blood glucose was applied (Guardianreal-time, Medtronicminimed, USA) by means of which a glycemic profile tissue fluid was studied. Results: A night sleep research of 120 children aged 3–16 y.o. is presented. There were 4 groups depending on the pathology: diseases of the nervous system (n =31), ENT-pathology (n =18), bronchial asthma (n =24) and overweight and obesity (n =34). The comparison group consisted of 13 apparently healthy children. The study has shown that the parents of every second child with sleep disorders did not know about the fact. The 60 % of the patients with high body mass index (BMI) had a snore, which was significantly higher the in children with normal body mass index — 35% (р =0.012). The index of apnea-hypopnea (AHI) was higher in the patients with ENT-pathology 17 times (p 0.001) and the patients with obesity 7 times (p 0.001) in comparison to the comparison group. In the analysis of the overall sample (n =120) was obtained significant negative correlation with heart rate variability and heart rate (r = 0.405; p 0.001). It is also shown that among 14 investigated children with OSAS only 8 had episodes of hypoglycemia (less than 3.3 mmol/l) during night sleep. All of them were with a high body mass index and with above average stature (1sd). Conclusion: Children with ENT-pathology and with high high body mass index have high risk of cardio-vascular diseases. Children with above average stature and with increased body mass index affected by OSAS have additional backgrounds for cardiovascular diseases development as a result of the latent periods of hypoglycemia at night. Цель исследования: выявить предикторы сердечно-сосудистых нарушений у детей на фоне  синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС) по результатам полисомнографии и непрерывного мониторирования глюкозы. Методы: перед обследованием родители заполняли анкету-вопросник по качеству сна, исследование сна проведено методом полисомнографии (Embla S7000,США). Системой непрерывного мониторирования глюкозы (Guardian Real-Time, Medtronic MiniMed, США) исследовали гликемический профиль в тканевой жидкости. Результаты: обследовано 120 детей в возрасте 3–16 лет. Детей распределяли по группам патологий: 31 — с болезнями нервной системы, 18 — с патологией ЛОР-органов, 24 — с бронхиальной астмой и 34 — с избыточным весом и ожирением (ИвиО); 13 практически здоровых детей составили группу сравнения. Родители каждого второго ребенка не знали о нарушениях дыхания во время сна у своих детей. Храп в общей выборке при повышенном ИМТ обнаружен у 60% детей, что значимо чаще, чем у детей с нормальным ИМТ (35%; р =0,012). Индекс апноэ / гипопноэ (ИАГ) был выше при патологии ЛОР-органов в 17 раз (p 0,001) и в группе с ИВиО — в 7 раз (p 0,001) по отношению к группе сравнения. В этих же группах оказалась повышенной частота сердечных сокращений (ЧСС) по сравнению с группой сравнения (р =0,002). При анализе в общей выборке (n =120) была получена значимая отрицательная связь между вариабельностью ритма сердца и частотой сердечных сокращений (r= -0,405; p 0,001). Показано, что из 14 обследованных только у детей с повышенным ИМТ и ростом выше среднего (1SD; n =8) были зарегистрированы эпизоды ночной гипогликемии (3,3 ммоль/л). Заключение: дети с патологией ЛОР-органов и повышенным ИМТ на фоне СОАС подвержены риску развития сердечно-сосудистой патологии. Дети с ростом выше среднего и повышенным ИМТ на фоне СОАС имеют дополнительные предпосылки для развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в виде скрытых периодов гипогликемии в ночной период. 

PROPHYLACTICS OF IODINE DEFICIENCY DISEASES

This article covers a relevant problem of modern medicine — that of iodine deficiency, which results in derangement of all vital process in the body, decreasing the intellectual and physical development of a child. Taking into account the incidence of this condition, prophylactics of iodine deficiency becomes a national objective. Authors suggest possible ways to make up for iodine deficiency in the body.Key words: iodine deficiency, thyroid hormones, potassiumiodide, children

ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ЙОДДЕФИЦИТНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ

This article covers a relevant problem of modern medicine — that of iodine deficiency, which results in derangement of all vital process in the body, decreasing the intellectual and physical development of a child. Taking into account the incidence of this condition, prophylactics of iodine deficiency becomes a national objective. Authors suggest possible ways to make up for iodine deficiency in the body.Key words: iodine deficiency, thyroid hormones, potassiumiodide, children.В статье обсуждается актуальная проблема современной медицины — йодный дефицит, который приводит к нарушению всех жизненно важных процессов в организме, снижению интеллектуального и физического развития ребенка. Учитывая распространенность указанного состояния, профилактика дефицита йода становится национальной задачей. Авторы предлагают возможные пути восполнения недостатка йода в организме. Ключевые слова: дефицит йода, гормоны щитовидной железы, калия йодид, дети.(Педиатрическая фармакология 2008;5(2):108-111

Adsorption of metals and protons on Gloeocapsa sp. cyanobacteria: A surface speciation approach

International audienceThe purpose of the present work is to extend our knowledge of metal–cyanobacteria interactions and to contribute to the database on adsorption parameters of aquatic microorganisms with respect to metal pollutants. To this end, the surface properties of the cyanobacteria (Gloeocapsa sp. f-6gl) were studied using potentiometric acid–base titration methods and ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection infrared) spectroscopy. The electrophoretic mobility of viable cells was measured as a function of pH and ionic strength (0.01 and 0.1 M). Surface titrations at 0.01–1.0 M NaCl were performed using limited residence time reactors (discontinuous titration) with analysis of Ca, Mg and dissolved organic C for each titration point in order to account for alkali-earth metal–proton exchange and cell degradation, respectively. Results demonstrate that the cell-wall bound Ca and Mg from the culture media contribute to the total proton uptake via surface ion-exchange reactions. This has been explicitly taken into account for net proton balance calculations. Adsorption of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu was studied at 25 °C in 0.01 M NaNO3 as a function of pH and metal concentration. The proportion of adsorbed metal increases as a function of culture age with cells of 44 days old having the largest adsorption capacities. A competitive Langmuir sorption isotherm in conjunction with a linear programming method (LPM) was used to fit experimental data and assess the number of surface sites and adsorption reaction constants involved in the binding of metals to the cyanobacteria surface. These observations allowed the determination of the identity and concentration of the major surface functional groups (carboxylate, amine, phosphoryl/phosphodiester and hydroxyl) responsible for the amphoteric behavior of cyanobacterial cell surfaces in aqueous solutions and for metal adsorption. Results of this work should allow better optimizing of metal bioremediation/biosequestration processes as they help to define the most efficient range of pH, cell biomass and duration of exposure necessary for controlled metal adsorption on cyanobacteria cultures. It follows from comparison of adsorption model parameters between different bacteria that technological application of cyanobacteria in wastewater bioremediation can be as efficient as other biological sorbents

Effect of the heterotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas reactans on olivine dissolution kinetics and implications for CO2 storage in basalts

International audienc

NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN PREVENTIVE PEDIATRICS — ARTERIOGRAPHY

There is currently an increase in the frequency of cardiovascular diseases which are caused by atherosclerotic vessel impairments, such as myocardial infarction and cardiovascular accident. The purpose of this research is to study the possibility of implement into outpatient pediatric practice the method of arteriography for determining changes in the aortic wall at the early development stage. 2 indicators were measured using arteriography: pulse wave velocity and the augmentation index in healthy children aged 6 to 12 years old. The results obtained in a study of healthy children reliably differ from standardized norms for adults and may be used as references.Key words: arteriography, atherosclerosis, arterial rigidity, pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, children

NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN PREVENTIVE PEDIATRICS — ARTERIOGRAPHY

There is currently an increase in the frequency of cardiovascular diseases which are caused by atherosclerotic vessel impairments, such as myocardial infarction and cardiovascular accident. The purpose of this research is to study the possibility of implement into outpatient pediatric practice the method of arteriography for determining changes in the aortic wall at the early development stage. 2 indicators were measured using arteriography: pulse wave velocity and the augmentation index in healthy children aged 6 to 12 years old. The results obtained in a study of healthy children reliably differ from standardized norms for adults and may be used as references.Key words: arteriography, atherosclerosis, arterial rigidity, pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, children

Diel cycles of carbon, nutrient and metal in humic lakes of permafrost peatlands

International audienceDespite the importance of surface waters of permafrost landscapes in carbon (C) emission and dissolved C and metal storage and export, the majority of available observations in high latitude aquatic systems deal with punctual or seasonal sampling without accounting for diurnal variations in temperature and primary productivity-respiration cycles. Towards providing comprehensive understanding of diel variations in CO2 emission, organic C and element concentrations in lakes of frozen peatlands, we monitored, each 2 h over 2 days, the water temperature, pH, CO2 fluxes, CO2, CH4, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC, respectively), nutrients, carboxylic acids, bacterial number, and major and trace elements in two acidic (pH = 3.6 and 4.0) and humic (DOC = 15 and 35 mg L−1) thermokarst lakes of discontinuous permafrost zone in Western Siberia. We discovered a factor of 2 to 3 higher CO2 concentrations and fluxes during the night compared to daytime in the high-DOC lake. The emission fluxes in the low-DOC lake increased from zero to negative values during the day to highly positive values during the end of night and early morning. The methane concentration varied within a factor of 5 without any link to the diurnal cycle. The bulk of dissolved (< 0.45 μm) hydrochemical parameters remained highly stable with ±10% variation in concentration over 2 days of observation (DOC, DIC, SUVA254nm, carboxylates (formate, oxalate, puryvate and glutarate), Mn, Fe, Al, other trace elements). Concentrations of Si, P, K, Cu varied within ±20% whereas those of Zn and Ni ranged by a factor of 2 to 4 without any link to diurnal pattern. Overall, the impact of diel cycle on CH4, DOC, nutrient and metal concentration was below 10%. However, neglecting night-time period may underestimate net CO2 emission by ca. 30 to 50% in small organic-rich thaw ponds and switch the CO2 exchange from uptake/zero to net emission in larger thermokarst lakes. Given the dominance of large lakes in permafrost regions, the global underestimation of the emission flux may be quite high. As such, monitoring CO2 concentrations and fluxes in thermokarst lakes during months of extended night time (August to October) is mandatory for assessing the net emissions from lentic waters of frozen peatlands

НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕДИАТРИИ — АРТЕРИОГРАФИЯ

There is currently an increase in the frequency of cardiovascular diseases which are caused by atherosclerotic vessel impairments, such as myocardial infarction and cardiovascular accident. The purpose of this research is to study the possibility of implement into outpatient pediatric practice the method of arteriography for determining changes in the aortic wall at the early development stage. 2 indicators were measured using arteriography: pulse wave velocity and the augmentation index in healthy children aged 6 to 12 years old. The results obtained in a study of healthy children reliably differ from standardized norms for adults and may be used as references.Key words: arteriography, atherosclerosis, arterial rigidity, pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, children.В настоящее время отмечается увеличение частоты сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, в основе которых лежат атеросклеротические поражения сосудов. Целью исследования является оценка возможности внедрения в амбулаторную педиатрическую практику метода артериографии для определения изменений стенки аорты на раннем этапе их появления. С помощью неинвазивной артериографии определяли два основных показателя — скорость распространения пульсовой волны и индекс аугментации у здоровых детей в возрасте от 6 до 12 лет. Полученные результаты у здоровых детей достоверно отличаются от стандартизованных нормативов у взрослых и могут быть использованы как контрольные. Ключевые слова: артериальная ригидность, артериография, атеросклероз, дети, индекс аугментации, скорость распространения пульсовой волны. (Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2009; 6(5):38-41