Hyperstriatal Projections To Primary Visual Relays In Pigeons: Electrophysiological Studies

[No abstract available]1532382386Bagnoli, Francesconi, Magni, Effects of visual Wulst stimulation on units of the pigeon's optic tectum (1977) Proc. XXVII Int. Congr. Physiol. Sci., 13, p. 43. , ParisDe Britto, Brunelli, Francesconi, Magni, Visual response pattern of thalamic neurons in the pigeon (1975) Brain Research, 97, pp. 337-343Hodos, Fletcher, Acquisition of visual discrimination after nucleus rotundus lesions in pigeons (1974) Physiol. Behav., 13, pp. 501-506Hodos, Karten, Visual intensity and pattern discrimination deficits after lesion of the optic lobe in pigeons (1974) Brain Behav. Evol., 9, pp. 165-194Hodos, Karten, Bonbright, Jr., Visual intensity and pattern discrimination after lesions of the thalamofugal visual pathway in pigeons (1973) J. comp. Neurol., 148, pp. 447-468Hughes, Pearlman, Single unit receptive fields and the cellular layers of the pigeon optic tectum (1974) Brain Research, 80, pp. 365-377Hunt, Webster, Thalamo-hyperstriate interrelations in the pigeon (1972) Brain Research, 44, pp. 647-651Jarvis, Visual discrimination and spatial localization deficits after lesions of the tectofugal visual pathway in pigeons (1974) Brain Behav. Evol., 9, pp. 195-228Jassik-Gerschenfeld, Guichard, Visual receptive fields of single cells in the pigeon's optic tectum (1972) Brain Research, 40, pp. 303-317Jassik-Gerschenfeld, Teulon, Ropert, Visual receptive field types in the nucleus dorsolateralis anterior of the pigeon's thalamus (1976) Brain Research, 108, pp. 295-306Karten, Hodos, (1967) A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Brain of the Pigeon (Columba livia), , Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, MdKarten, Hodos, Nauta, Revzin, Neural connections of the ‘visual Wulst’ of the avian telecephalon. Experimental studies in the pigeon (Columba livia) and owl (Speotyto cumicularia) (1973) J. comp. Neurol., 150, pp. 253-278Kawamura, Sprague, Niimi, Corticofugal projections from the visual cortices to the thalamus, pretectum and superior colliculus in the cat (1974) J. comp. Neurol., 158, pp. 339-362Kimberly, Holden, Bamborough, Response characteristics of pigeon forebrain cells to visual stimulation (1971) Vision Res., 11, pp. 475-478McIlwain, Fields, Interactions of cortical and retinal projections on single neurons of the cat's superior colliculus (1971) J. Neurophysiol., 34, pp. 763-772Meier, Mihailovic, Cuénod, Thalamic organization of the retino-thalamohyperstriatal pathway in the pigeon (Columba livia) (1974) Exp. Brain Res., 19, pp. 351-364Miceli, Peyrichoux, Repérant, The retinothalamo-hyperstriatal pathway in the pigeon (Columba livia) (1975) Brain Research, 100, pp. 125-131Mihailovic, Perisic, Bergonzi, Meier, The dorsolateral thalamus as a relay in the retino — wulst pathway in pigeon (Columba livia). An electrophysiological study (1974) Exp. Brain Res., 21, pp. 229-240Parker, Delius, Visual evoked potentials in the forebrain of the pigeon (1972) Exp. Brain Res., 14, pp. 198-209Pritz, Mead, Northcutt, The effect of wulst ablation on colour, brightness and pattern discrimination in pigeons (Columba livia) (1970) J. comp. Neurol., 140, pp. 81-100Repérant, Nouvelles données sur les projections visuelles chez le pigeon (Columba livia) (1973) J. Hirnforsch., 14, pp. 151-187Revzin, A specific visual projection area in the hyperstriatum of the pigeon (Columba livia) (1969) Brain Research, 15, pp. 246-249Revzin, Karten, Rostral projections of the optic tectum and nucleus rotundus in pigeons (1967) Brain Research, 3, pp. 264-275Singer, Control of thalamic transmission by corticofugal and ascending reticular pathways in the visual system (1977) Physiol. Rev., 57, pp. 386-420Webster, Changing concepts of the organization of central visual pathways in birds (1974) Essays on the Nervous System, pp. 258-298. , R. Bellairs, E.G. Gray, Oxford University Pres

Distribution of calcium-binding proteins in the chick visual system

The calcium-binding proteins calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), and parvalbumin (PV) have been extensively studied over the last decade since they appear to be important as buffers of intracellular calcium. In the present study we investigated the distribution of these proteins in the chick visual system by means of conventional immunocytochemistry. The results indicated that CB, CR, and PV are widely distributed in retinorecipient areas of the chick brain. In some regions, all three calcium-binding proteins were present at different intensities and often in different neurons such as in the dorsolateral thalamic complex. In other areas, such as the nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, only CB and CR were detected, whereas PV was absent. These results show that these three calcium-binding proteins are differentially distributed in the visual system of the chick, with varying degrees of co-localizatio

TRP channels, omega-3 fatty acids, and oxidative stress in neurodegeneration: from the cell membrane to intracellular cross-links

The transient receptor potential channels family (TRP channels) is a relatively new group of cation channels that modulate a large range of physiological mechanisms. In the nervous system, the functions of TRP channels have been associated with thermosensation, pain transduction, neurotransmitter release, and redox signaling, among others. However, they have also been extensively correlated with the pathogenesis of several innate and acquired diseases. On the other hand, the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 fatty acids) have also been associated with several processes that seem to counterbalance or to contribute to the function of several TRPs. In this short review, we discuss some of the remarkable new findings in this field. We also review the possible roles played by n-3 fatty acids in cell signaling that can both control or be controlled by TRP channels in neurodegenerative processes, as well as both the direct and indirect actions of n-3 fatty acids on TRP channels

The Accessory Optic System In Pigeons: Receptive Field Properties Of Identified Neurons

Visual receptive fields of neurons in the nucleus of the basal optic root were investigated in pigeons. Their projections could be traced to vestibulo-cerebellum and oculomotor complex by means of antidromic activation. Units in that nucleus showed large peripheral receptive fields and appeared highly sensitive to moving targets, with the majority displaying axis specificity and direction selectivity. The results seem consistent with the proposed role of the accessory optic system in oculomotor reflexes. © 1981.2061149154Blough, Functional implications of the pigeon's peculiar retinal structure (1979) Neural Mechanisms of Behavior in the Pigeon, pp. 71-88. , Granda A.M., Maxwell J.H., Plenum Press, New YorkBrauth, Karten, Direct accessory optic projections to the vestibulo-cerebellum: a possible channel for oculomotor control systems (1977) Exp. Brain Res., 28, pp. 73-84Brecha, Karten, Accessory optic projections upon oculomotor nuclei and vestibulo-cerebellum (1979) Science, 203, pp. 913-916Burger, Lorenz, Artificial Respiration in Birds by Unidirectional Air Flow (1960) Poultry Science, 39, pp. 236-237Finger, Karten, The accessory optic system in teleosts (1978) Brain Research, 153, pp. 144-149Fite, Optokinetic nystagmus and the pigeon visual system (1979) Neural Mechanisms of Behavior in the Pigeon, pp. 395-407. , Granda A.M., Maxwell J.H., Plenum Press, New YorkFite, Reiner, Hunt, Optokinetic nystagmus and the accessory optic system of pigeon and turtle (1979) Brain Behav. Evol., 16, pp. 192-202Henry, Bishop, Dreher, Orientation, axis and direction as stimulus parameters for striate cells (1974) Vision Res., 14, pp. 767-777Karten, Visual lemniscal pathways in birds (1979) Neural Mechanisms of Behavior in the Pigeon, pp. 409-430. , Granda A.M., Maxwell J.H., Plenum Press, New YorkKarten, Fite, Brecha, Specific projection of displaced retinal ganglion cells upon the accessory optic system in the pigeon (Columba livia) (1977) Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 74, pp. 1753-1756Karten, Hodos, (1967) A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Brain of the Pigeon (Columba livia), , Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, MdLazar, Role of the accessory optic system in the optokinetic nystagmus of the frog (1973) Brain Behav. Evol., 5, pp. 443-460MacKay, Murphy, Cerebellar modulation of reflex gain (1979) Progr. Neurobiol., 13, pp. 361-417Nye, On the functional differences between frontal and lateral visual fields of the pigeon (1973) Vision Res., 13, pp. 559-574Reiner, Karten, A bisynaptic retinocerebellar pathway in the turtle (1978) Brain Research, 150, pp. 163-169Rodieck, Visual pathways (1979) Ann. Rev. Neurosci., 2, pp. 193-225Walley, Receptive fields in the accessory optic system of the rabbit (1967) Exp. Neurol., 17, pp. 27-43Winfield, Hendrickson, Kimm, Anatomical evidence that the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract in mammals provides a visual mossy fiber input to the flocculus (1978) Brain Research, 151, pp. 175-18

Distribution of the a2, a3, and a5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in the chick brain

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ionotropic receptors comprised of <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font> and ß subunits. These receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system, and previous studies have revealed specific patterns of localization for some nAChR subunits in the vertebrate brain. In the present study we used immunohistochemical methods and monoclonal antibodies to localize the <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>2, <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>3, and <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>5 nAChR subunits in the chick mesencephalon and diencephalon. We observed a differential distribution of these three subunits in the chick brain, and showed that the somata and neuropil of many central structures contain the <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>5 nAChR subunit. The <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>2 and <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>3 subunits, on the other hand, exhibited a more restricted distribution than <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>5 and other subunits previously studied, namely <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>7, <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>8 and ß2. The patterns of distribution of the different nAChR subunits suggest that neurons in many brain structures may contain several subtypes of nAChRs and that in a few regions one particular subtype may determine the cholinergic nicotinic response

Differential expression of AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunits during development of the chick optic tectum

Glutamate receptors have been often associated with developmental processes. We used immunohistochemical techniques to evaluate the expression of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits in the chick optic tectum (TeO). Chick embryos from the 5th through the 20th embryonic day (E5-E20) and one-day-old (P1) chicks were used. The three types of immunoreactivity evaluated (GluR1, GluR2/3, and GluR4) had different temporal and spatial expression patterns in the several layers of the TeO. The GluR1 subunit first appeared as moderate staining on E7 and then increased on E9. The mature GluR1 pattern included intense staining only in layer 5 of the TeO. The GluR2/3 subunits presented low expression on E5, which became intense on E7. The staining for GluR2/3 changed to very intense on E14 in tectal layer 13. Staining of layer 13 neurons is the most prominent feature of GluR immunoreactivity in the adult TeO. The GluR4 subunit generally presented the lowest expression starting on E7, which was similar to the adult pattern. Some instances of transient expression of GluR subunits were observed in specific cell populations from E9 through E20. These results demonstrate a differential expression of the GluR subunits in the embryonic TeO, adding information about their possible functions in the developmental processes of the visual system