95 research outputs found

    Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Mainland China

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    Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has posed a significant threat to both humans and birds, and it has spanned large geographic areas and various ecological systems throughout Asia, Europe and Africa, but especially in mainland China. Great efforts in control and prevention of the disease, including universal vaccination campaigns in poultry and active serological and virological surveillance, have been undertaken in mainland China since the beginning of 2006. In this study, we aim to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of HPAI H5N1, and identify influencing factors favoring the occurrence of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in poultry in mainland China. Our study shows that HPAI H5N1 outbreaks took place sporadically after vaccination campaigns in poultry, and mostly occurred in the cold season. The positive tests in routine virological surveillance of HPAI H5N1 virus in chicken, duck, goose as well as environmental samples were mapped to display the potential risk distribution of the virus. Southern China had a higher positive rate than northern China, and positive samples were mostly detected from chickens in the north, while the majority were from duck in the south, and a negative correlation with monthly vaccination rates in domestic poultry was found (R = −0.19, p value = 0.005). Multivariate panel logistic regression identified vaccination rate, interaction between distance to the nearest city and national highway, interaction between distance to the nearest lak

    Excimer laser-induced transformation in laser ablated Pb(Zr 0.52Ti 0.48)O 3 amorphous thin films

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    10.1080/14786430412331300154Philosophical Magazine84353729-373

    Nonlinear extension and bending of piezoelectric laminated plate under large applied field actuation

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    10.1088/0964-1726/13/2/019Smart Materials and Structures132404-414SMST

    Nonlinear static characteristics of piezoelectric bending actuators under strong applied electric field

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    10.1016/j.sna.2004.04.037Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical1151168-175SAAP

    Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric bending actuators under strong applied electric field

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    10.1109/JMEMS.2004.832187Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems134645-652JMIY
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