Региональные особенности современных изменений зимней аккумуляции снега на севере Евразии по данным наблюдений, реанализа и спутниковых измерений

The paper presents data on winter snow accumulation on the Russian territory obtained from different sources: ground measurements of snow depth on meteorological stations, water snow equivalent calculated from data of route surveys, reanalysis, and satellite observations. Three large regions were isolated which are distinguished by characters of the snow depth fluctuations and their long-term tendencies. Comparison of the trends calculated from data of reanalysis and satellite measurements demonstrated essential disagreement of them with data of in situ observations.Рассматриваются данные о зимней аккумуляции снега на территории России из разных источников: наземных наблюдений за толщиной снежного покрова на метеостанциях; водного эквивалента снега по данным маршрутной съёмки, а также реанализа и спутниковых измерений. Выделено три крупных района, отличающихся по характеру колебаний толщины снега и их многолетним тенденциям. Сравнение этих трендов, полученных по данным реанализа и спутниковых измерений, указывает на их существенные расхождения с данными наблюдений

Ascorbic acid pre-treated quartz stimulates TNF-α release in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages through ROS production and membrane lipid peroxidation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Inhalation of crystalline silica induces a pulmonary fibrotic degeneration called silicosis caused by the inability of alveolar macrophages to dissolve the crystalline structure of phagocytosed quartz particles. Ascorbic acid is capable of partially dissolving quartz crystals, leading to an increase of soluble silica concentration and to the generation of new radical sites on the quartz surface. The reaction is specific for the crystalline forms of silica. It has been already demonstrated an increased cytotoxicity and stronger induction of pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by ascorbic acid pre-treated quartz (QA) compared to untreated quartz (Q) in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Taking advantage of the enhanced macrophage response to QA as compared to Q particles, we investigated the first steps of cell activation and the contribution of early signals generated directly from the plasma membrane to the production of TNF-α, a cytokine that activates both inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we demonstrate that TNF-α mRNA synthesis and protein secretion are significantly increased in RAW 264.7 macrophages challenged with QA as compared to Q particles, and that the enhanced response is due to an increase of intracellular ROS. Plasma membrane-particle contact, in the absence of phagocytosis, is sufficient to trigger TNF-α production through a mechanism involving membrane lipid peroxidation and this appears to be even more detrimental to macrophage survival than particle phagocytosis itself.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Taken together these data suggest that an impairment of pulmonary macrophage phagocytosis, i.e. in the case of alcoholic subjects, could potentiate lung disease in silica-exposed individuals.</p

ЭПЛАН (МАЗЬ, РАСТВОР) – НОВЫЙ ПРЕПАРАТ ДЛЯ МЕСТНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ИНФЕКЦИИ КОЖИ И МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ В МНОГОПРОФИЛЬНОМ СТАЦИОНАРЕ

The paper presents the results of a multicenter postmarketing clinical laboratory study of Eplan ointment and eplan solution for the topical treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in outpatient, inpatient, and field settings. The results of the study in 793 patients with skin and soft tissue infections of different locations and genesis demonstrate the high clinical efficacy of the medicaments along with their easy-to-use formulation and economic availability. В статье представлены результаты постмаркетингового многоцентрового клинико-лабораторного исследования препаратов Эплан мазь и Эплан раствор, предназначенных для местного лечения инфекции кожи и мягких тканей (ИКМТ) в амбулаторных, стационарных и военно-полевых условиях. Результаты проведенного исследования у 793 больных с ИКМТ различной локализации и генеза демонстрируют высокую клиническую эффективность препаратов наряду с их удобной лекарственной формой и экономической доступностью.

Medico-social features of atopic dermatitis in children of different ages

The leading clinical guidelines indicate a single point of view on the importance of improving the quality of life of patients with allergic diseases. Starting at an early age, atopic dermatitis in children takes a chronic course and can last a lifetime. In the treatment of this disease the doctor has to face many ethical problems: the need to obtain consent for medical interventions, patient safety, respect for the patient's dignity and social justice. The purpose of our research is to study medical and social characteristics of overcoming atopic dermatitis in children. Summing up the results of the study of QOL of children with AD, it should be noted that AD violates the usual way of life for children, negatively affects the harmonious and spiritual development of the child. The disease affects not only the child and in some way affects the whole family

Peculiarities of eating behavior in children with autistic spectrum disorders

The aim: To determine of the nutrition peculiarities in children with ASD. Materials and methods: The study involved 37 children with ASD from 2 -12 years and thier mothers, in according to reveal its disorder effect on the clinical course of ASD in children. Results: It was shown role of irrational nutrition of the mother during pregnancy, peculiarities of family food traditions, problems of breastfeeding and complementary feeding. Eating behavior of mothers during pregnancy were: monotonous nutrition and an inadequate diet. The family food preferences were: varied and included both traditional and specific food preferences ( vegan, vegeterian, monotony diet). Conclusions: The analysis of the eating behavior in the ASD children, taking into account the age peculiarities, was carried out. Intolerance to certain products was noted. Also effectiveness of the elimination diet was shown. Elimination from the diet of the white flour products within 6 months has a positive result which evaluated by digestive and cognitive signs

Regional features of present winter snow accumulation variability in the North Eurasia from data of observations, reanalysis and satellites

The paper presents data on winter snow accumulation on the Russian territory obtained from different sources: ground measurements of snow depth on meteorological stations, water snow equivalent calculated from data of route surveys, reanalysis, and satellite observations. Three large regions were isolated which are distinguished by characters of the snow depth fluctuations and their long-term tendencies. Comparison of the trends calculated from data of reanalysis and satellite measurements demonstrated essential disagreement of them with data of in situ observations

Short course of the essentials pediatrics (lectures for 4th year)

This publication offers lecture materials on pediatrics created in accordance with the standard program for students of the 4th course of the international faculty of higher medical educational institutions of the IV level of accreditation. The materials cover modern classifications, leading mechanisms of pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and the basics of therapy