IRAP-analysis for evaluating the genetic stability of endemic and endangered species of the Western Caucasus flora in the collection in vitro

The characterization of genetic diversity is one of the main components of the genetic resources collection and management. Molecular markers are the most effective tool for characterizing and assessing genetic diversity in plant collections. IRAP (inter-retrotransposons amplified polymorphism) markers have proven to be some of the most effective for characterizing and evaluating germplasm, confirming the genetic fidelity of in vitro preserved cultivars and species. In this regard, the aim of this work is to test several IRAP primers to identify genetic polymorphism and study the genetic fidelity of three rare and endemic flora species of the Western Caucasus during in vitro conservation. Approbation of 16 IRAP-primers on the investigated species was carried out for Eryngium maritimum L., Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. and Campanula sclerophylla Kolak. The results made it possible to select the most efficient of them for genetic fidelity analysis of micropropagated plants. Out of 16 IRAP primers 8 amplified PCR products in Eryngium maritimum. In Galanthus woronowii as well 8 of 16 IRAP primers resulted in the amplification with the number of DNA fragments ranging from 2 to 12. In Campanula sclerophylla 9 of 16 IRAP primers amplified 1 to 11 fragments, depending on the marker. The results of the genotyping of regenerants were compared with data on stock in situ plants, which were the source of explants for in vitro conservation. In total, 60 regenerants for each species of the natural flora of the Western Caucasus were involved in the study. The results obtained demonstrated no genetic changes of the regenerants in all the studied species. These results were confirmed using ISSR analysis of an extended sample set of microplants for each species. The results obtained can serve as evidence of a low probability of genetic disorders during in vitro propagation and conservation of the species Eryngium maritimum L., Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. and Campanula sclerophylla Kolak

Challenges of in vitro conservation of Сitrus germplasm resources

The main problems of establishment a slow growth in vitro collection of citrus and other tree crops cultivars are high degree of fungal contamination of bud explants and low growth potential of shoots. In this regard, the aim of current research is to assess the efficiency of decontamination procedure and the possibility of tissue culture initiation and slow growth conservation of valuable lemon cultivars. The best results of surface sterilization were obtained using immersion solutions of 0.3 % Veltolen – 25 minutes or 10 % Domestos – 25–30 minutes. In these treatments, 27.7–33.0 % of aseptic explants were obtained, respectively. However, after the third subculture, the yield of aseptic viable explants decreased till 10 % as a result of secondary contamination by endophytic fungi. The addition of biocide (“Gavrish”) in a nutrient medium at a concentration of 1 ml/l helped to increase the yield of aseptic viable explants till 50 %. However, after the third subculture the photosynthetic activity and the pigments content as well as growth rate decreased. Plants dropped yellowish leaves and eventually died. Thus, 37.35 % of plantlets survived after 8 months of conservation, and only 14.6 % survived after 10 months. Even after the third month of conservation significant decrease in the viability index and the coefficient of photosynthetic activity occurred in plants. Chlorophyll a in leaves decreased from 1.59 to 1.14 mg/g during 12 months in vitro conservation. The similar tendency observed on clorophyll b and carotenoids content. The experiments were carried out for 5 years using different lemon cultivars and other citrus varieties and cultivars. Thus, micropropagation and slow growth in vitro conservation of valuable lemon cultivars are still problematic and requires new technical solutions due to the low growth potential of plantlets raised from the mature buds that is consistent with the data of other researchers

Citrus genetic resources in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus: conservation and management

Citrus genetic resources including modern and old cultivars, breeding forms and wild genotypes form the basis of the global citrus industry, that is why the preservation of the biodiversity and the creation of duplicate collections all over the world is an important task. In recent decades, there has been a sharp decline in the productivity of citrus commercial plantations in the main citrus-producing countries. The risk of an abrupt reduction in genetic diversity greatly increased because of the accumulated diseases raging there and the spread of these diseases in the neighboring citrus groves. Therefore, the preservation of biodiversity in atypical citrus regions is becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study was to compare the genetic diversity of citrus crops in the basic collections of the three countries (Russia, Ukraine and Belarus), to determine the direction and prospects for the use of available genetic resources, as well as to reveal the main problems of germplasm preservation. The comparative analysis will determine the strategy for further studies on the citrus crops in atypical areas of cultivation. The collection of citrus based in the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops contains 132 accessions, the collection of the Belarus Botanical Garden contains 100 accessions, the collection of the Grishko National Botanical Garden contains about 60 accessions. The list of species and cultivars of three collections is presented in the article. The main problems of the successful conservation and use of citrus genetic resources are insufficient use of modern tools of germplasm characterization, the absence of a unified web-database containing all available biodiversity, the lack of consensus regarding the taxonomic position of certain genotypes. Additionally, there is a need for disease control in collections, it is necessary to develop advanced test systems for rapid diagnosis of diseases. One more important task is the extension of species diversity through the exchange of material with other foreign collections

Health problems of students in an institution of higher learning

В статье рассмотрены компоненты, влияющие на здоровье студентов в процессе физического воспитания и предложены условия, которые могут осуществляться в образовательном процессе вуза и способствовать решению проблемы формирования ЗОЖ студентаThis article describes the components that affect the health of students in physical education and proposed conditions, which can be implemented in the educational process of the university and contribute to solving the problem of forming HLS studen

Comparative analysis of gene expression in tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) under low-temperature stress

Low-temperature stress is one of the main factors limiting the distribution and reducing the yield of many subtropical crops, including the tea crop. Efficient breeding to develop frost-tolerant cultivars requires a reliable set of genetic markers for identifying resistance donors, and that is why it is necessary to reveal the specific genetic response in frost-tolerant genotypes in comparison with frost- susceptible ones. In this work, we performed a comparative analysis of the expression of 18 tea genes (ICE1, CBF1, DHN1, DHN2, DHN3, NAC17, NAC26, NAC30, bHLH7, bHLH43, P5CS, WRKY2, LOX1, LOX6, LOX7, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.2, SnRK1.3) under cold and frost conditions in two tea genotypes, tolerant and susceptible. Low-temperature stress was induced by placing the potted plants in cold chambers and lowering the temperature to 0…+2 °С for 7 days (cold stress), followed by a decrease in temperature to –4…–6 °С for 5 days (frost stress). Relative electrical conductivity of leaf was measured in response to the stress treatments, and a significant difference in the frost tolerance of the two tea genotypes was confirmed. Cold exposure did not lead to a change in the electrical conductivity of leaf tissue. On the other hand, frost treatment resulted in increased REC in both genotypes and to a greater extent in the susceptible genotype. Increased expression of all the genes was shown during cold and frost. The genes that were strongly expressed in the tolerant tea genotype were revealed: ICE1, CBF1, DHN2, NAC17, NAC26, bHLH43, WRKY2, P5CS, LOX6, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.3. These genes can be proposed as markers for the selection of frost-tolerance donors in tea germplasm collections. Additionally, it was shown that the tolerant genotype is characterized by an earlier response to stress at the stage of cold acclimation. The study of the expression of the identified genes in different organs of tea plants and in different exposures to low temperature is relevant for further investigations

Значение экспрессии рАКТ1 при диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфоме

Aim. To evaluate the prognostic value of pAKT1 expression by tumor cells in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Materials and methods. The study included 90 patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), who were treated at the clinic of Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion from 2014 to 2017 and received standard first-line polychemotherapy according to the R-CHOP regimen. Using immunohistochemical and morphometric methods, the relative number of tumor cells expressing pAKT1 was determined. Using the two-sided Fisher’s exact test, the relationship of different levels of marker expression with clinical and laboratory parameters of patients and long-term treatment results was analyzed. The impact of pAKT1 on the risk of an adverse event was assessed using the Cox regression analysis.Results. Overexpression of pAKT1 is associated with unfavorable clinical characteristics of patients with DLBCL, excessive expression of the BCL2 and c-Myc oncoproteins, as well as with low rates of overall and progressive survival. Overexpression of pAKT1 is an independent prognostic factor and statistically significantly affects the risk of an adverse outcome in DLBCL.Conclusion. The degree of pAKT1 expression is an informative criterion that allows to predict the course of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It is advisable to use the indicated marker when stratifying patients into risk groups.Цель – оценить прогностическое значение экспрессии рАКТ1 опухолевыми клетками у больных диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфомой.Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 90 пациентов с впервые диагностированной диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфомой (ДВККЛ), наблюдавшиеся в клинике института с 2014 по 2017 г. и получавшие стандартную полихимиотерапию первой линии по схеме R-CHOP. С помощью иммуногистохимического и морфометрического методов определено относительное количество экспрессирующих рАКТ1 опухолевых клеток. С помощью точного двухстороннего критерия Фишера проанализирована взаимосвязь различных уровней экспрессии маркера с клинико-лабораторными показателями пациентов и отдаленными результатами лечения. Оценку влияния рАКТ1 на риск наступления неблагоприятного события проводили с помощью регрессионного анализа Кокса.Результаты. Гиперэкспрессия рАКТ1 ассоциирована с неблагоприятными клиническими характеристиками больных диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфомой, избыточной экспрессией онкобелков BCL2, cMyc, а также низкими показателями общей и беспрогрессивной выживаемости. Гиперэкспрессия рАКТ1 является независимым фактором прогноза и статистически значимо влияет на риск возникновения неблагоприятного исхода при ДВККЛ.Заключение. Степень экспрессии рАКТ1 является информативным критерием, позволяющим прогнозировать течение диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфомы. Указанный маркер целесообразно использовать при стратификации пациентов на группы риска

Epizootic Situation in the Crimean Federal District as Follows from Epidemiological Survey Results, 2014

The territory of the Crimean Peninsula is an endemic one as regards various natural-focal infections. The paper contains the data on epizootiological survey of 8 administrative regions of the Crimean Federal District (CFD). Carried out has been small mammals and Ixodidae ticks census. Identified is their species composition. Performed have been the field samples collection and laboratory studies for the presence of bacterial and viral infection agents. Established is the fact that H. marginatum is a dominating species among the ticks, collected during the spring season, while the house mouse prevails among the small mammals. As for the autumn collection of samples, the dominating species are H. punctata and common vole, respectively. Laboratory investigation results indicate the circulation of the agents of Ku fever, tick-borne spotty fever, Ixodidae tick-borne borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, monocytic ehrlichiosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and leptospirosis

Интеллектуальный сенсор для измерительных систем, работающих по схеме синусоидальное возбуждение – отклик

Measuring devices and systems containing sensors that require sinusoidal excitation are widely used in information and measurement technology both in production conditions and in research practice. Examples include various types of metal detectors, eddy current flaw detectors, analyzers of liquid media, electrometers with a dynamic capacitor, etc. The aim of the work was to develop the optimal architecture and algorithms for the operation of intelligent sensors intended for use in measuring systems operating according to the sinusoidal excitation – response scheme.This paper describes the approach proposed by the authors to the construction of intelligent sensors based on modern microcontrollers, the distinctive feature of which is the continuous generation of sinusoidal excitation and reading responses in the background, as well as setting the readiness flags for data processing in the main process of the microprocessor, which ensures uninterrupted execution of background processes, the main of which is the generation of a sinusoidal excitatory action.This approach has been tested in the development of charge-sensitive surface mapping systems, such as the Kelvin probe based on a vibrating capacitor, and the surface photo voltage probe for the case of semiconductors.Измерительные приборы и системы, содержащие датчики, требующие синусоидальное возбуждающее воздействие, широко используются в информационно-измерительной технике как в производственных условиях, так и в исследовательской практике. В качестве примеров можно привести различные типы металлоискателей, вихретоковые дефектоскопы, анализаторы жидких сред, электрометры с динамическим конденсатором и др. Целью работы являлась разработка оптимальной архитектуры и алгоритмов работы интеллектуальных сенсоров, предназначенных для использования в измерительных системах, работающих по схеме синусоидальное возбуждение – отклик.В настоящей работе описан предложенный авторами подход к построению интеллектуальных сенсоров на базе современных микроконтроллеров, отличительной особенностью которого является непрерывная генерация синусоидальных воздействий и считывание откликов в фоновом режиме, а также выставление флагов готовности для обработки данных в основном процессе микропроцессора, что обеспечивает бесперебойное выполнение фоновых процессов, главным из которых является генерация синусоидального возбуждающего воздействия.Данный подход опробован при разработке систем картирования поверхностей зарядочувствительными методами, такими как зонд Кельвина, на основе динамического конденсатора, и зонд поверхностной фото-ЭДС для случая полупроводников

Измерение электрического потенциала поверхности с использованием статического зонда

Surface electric potential measurements are widely used in non-destructive inspection and testing of precision surfaces, for example, in the production of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits. Features of the construction and application of devices for measuring the surface electric potential using an immovable reference electrode are considered. Despite the need to increase the area of the probe compared to devices with a vibrating probe, measurement techniques with an immovable probe have a number of advantages and could expand the scope of surface electric potential measurements in the inspection of samples with precise surfaces. Models of the formation of a measuring signal in the presence of a spatial inhomogeneity of surface electric potential are presented and discussed.Методы контроля изменений электрического потенциала поверхности широко используются в операциях неразрушающего контроля прецизионных поверхностей, например, в электронной промышленности в процессе изготовления полупроводниковых приборов. Целью работы является расширение области применения методик бесконтактного контроля и измерения электрического потенциала поверхности на основе использования статического отсчётного электрода.Рассмотрены особенности построения и применения устройств измерения электрического потенциала поверхности с использованием неподвижного отсчётного электрода. Несмотря на необходимость увеличения площади зонда по сравнению с устройствами, использующими вибрирующий зонд, методики измерения с неподвижным зондом имеют ряд преимуществ и расширяют область применения измерений электрического потенциала поверхности в контроле изделий с прецизионными поверхностями. Приведены модели формирования измерительного сигна-ла при наличии пространственной неоднородности электрического потенциала поверхности.