2,119 research outputs found
Caterpillar dualities and regular languages
We characterize obstruction sets in caterpillar dualities in terms of regular
languages, and give a construction of the dual of a regular family of
caterpillars. We show that these duals correspond to the constraint
satisfaction problems definable by a monadic linear Datalog program with at
most one EDB per rule
Alien Registration- Tardif, Marie L. (Lewiston, Androscoggin County)
https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/28311/thumbnail.jp
High-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging at 7 Tesla: single-shot readout trajectories and their impact on signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution and accuracy
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a valuable imaging technique to study the brain in
vivo. However, the resolution of dMRI is limited by the low signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) of this technique. Various acquisition strategies have been
developed to achieve high resolutions, but they require long scan times.
Imaging at ultra-high fields (UHF) could further increase the SNR of
single-shot dMRI; however, the shorter T2* and the greater field
non-uniformities will degrade image quality. In this study, we investigated the
trade-off between the SNR and resolution of different k-space trajectories,
including echo planar imaging (EPI), partial Fourier EPI, and spiral, over a
range of resolutions at 7T. The effective resolution, spatial specificity and
sharpening effect were measured from the point spread function (PSF) of the
simulated diffusion sequences for a nominal resolution range of 0.6-1.8 mm.
In-vivo scans were acquired using the three readout trajectories. Field probes
were used to measure dynamic magnetic fields up to the 3rd order of spherical
harmonics. Using a static field map and the measured trajectories image
artifacts were corrected, leaving T2* effects as the primary source of
blurring. The effective resolution was examined in fractional anisotropy (FA)
maps. In-vivo scans were acquired to calculate the SNR. EPI trajectories had
the highest specificity, effective resolution, and image sharpening effect, but
also had substantially lower SNR. Spirals had significantly higher SNR, but
lower specificity. Line plots of the in-vivo scans in phase and frequency
encode directions showed ~0.2 units difference in FA values between the
different trajectories. The difference between the effective and nominal
resolution is greater for spirals than for EPI. However, the higher SNR of
spiral trajectories at UHFs allows us to achieve higher effective resolutions
compared to EPI and PF-EPI trajectories
On infinite-finite duality pairs of directed graphs
The (A,D) duality pairs play crucial role in the theory of general relational
structures and in the Constraint Satisfaction Problem. The case where both
classes are finite is fully characterized. The case when both side are infinite
seems to be very complex. It is also known that no finite-infinite duality pair
is possible if we make the additional restriction that both classes are
antichains. In this paper (which is the first one of a series) we start the
detailed study of the infinite-finite case.
Here we concentrate on directed graphs. We prove some elementary properties
of the infinite-finite duality pairs, including lower and upper bounds on the
size of D, and show that the elements of A must be equivalent to forests if A
is an antichain. Then we construct instructive examples, where the elements of
A are paths or trees. Note that the existence of infinite-finite antichain
dualities was not previously known
Regular families of forests, antichains and duality pairs of relational structures
Homomorphism duality pairs play crucial role in the theory of relational
structures and in the Constraint Satisfaction Problem. The case where both
classes are finite is fully characterized. The case when both side are infinite
seems to be very complex. It is also known that no finite-infinite duality pair
is possible if we make the additional restriction that both classes are
antichains. In this paper we characterize the infinite-finite antichain
dualities and infinite-finite dualities with trees or forest on the left hand
side. This work builds on our earlier papers that gave several examples of
infinite-finite antichain duality pairs of directed graphs and a complete
characterization for caterpillar dualities
Critical Appraisal of C-Reactive Protein Throughout the Spectrum of Cardiovascular Disease
Clinicians involved in the care of patients with cardiovascular conditions have recently been confronted with an important body of literature linking inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, the level of systemic inflammation as measured by circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) has been linked to prognosis in patients with atherosclerotic disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, myocarditis, aortic valve disease and heart transplantation. In addition, a number of basic science reports suggest an active role for CRP in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. This article explores the potential role of CRP in disease initiation, progression, and clinical manifestations and reviews its role in the prediction of future events in clinical practice. Therapeutic interventions to decrease circulating levels of CRP are also reviewed
Relationships between components of blood pressure and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease and hypertension
Observational studies have shown a J-shaped relationship between diastolic blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. We investigated whether the increased risk associated with low diastolic BP reflects elevated pulse pressure (PP). In 22 672 hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease from the CLARIFY registry (Prospective Observational Longitudinal Registry of Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease), followed for a median of 5.0 years, BP was measured annually and averaged. The relationships between PP and diastolic BP, alone or combined, and the primary composite outcome (cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction) were analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Adjusted hazard ratios for the primary outcome were 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–1.87), 1.00 (ref), 1.07 (95% CI, 0.94–1.21), 1.54 (95% CI, 1.32–1.79), and 2.34 (95% CI, 1.95–2.81) for PP<45, 45 to 54 (reference), 55 to 64, 65 to 74, and ≥75 mm Hg, respectively, and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.31–1.72), 1.00 (reference), and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.42–1.77) for diastolic BPs of <70, 70 to 79 (ref), and ≥80 mm Hg, respectively. In a cross-classification analysis between diastolic BP and PP, the relationship between diastolic BP and the primary outcome remained J-shaped when the analysis was restricted to patients with the lowest-risk PP (45–64 mm Hg), with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.53 (95% CI, 1.27–1.83), 1.00 (ref), and 1.54 (95% CI, 1.34–1.75) in the <70, 70 to 79 (reference), and ≥80 mm Hg subgroups, respectively. The J-shaped relationship between diastolic BP and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease persists in patients within the lowest-risk PP range and is therefore unlikely to be solely the consequence of an increased PP reflecting advanced vascular disease
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