235 research outputs found
Optimising whole body computed tomography doses for paediatric trauma patients: a Swiss retrospective analysis.
We aimed to evaluate the impact of a low-dose whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) protocol on radiation doses in paediatric major trauma patients. Retrospective cohort study of paediatric trauma patients (<16 years) at a national level 1 paediatric trauma centre (PTC) over a 6 year period prior and post introduction of a low-dose WBCT protocol (2014-2019). Demographic data, patient characteristics, CT device, and exposure information including scan range, dose-length product, and volume CT dose index were collected. Effective dose (ED) and exposure parameters were compared before and after protocol introduction. Forty-eight patients underwent WBCT during the study period. Prior to introduction of the low-dose protocol (n= 18), the ED was 20.6 mSv (median 20.1 ± 5.3 mSv [range 12.5-30.7]). After introduction of the low-dose WBCT protocol (n= 30), mean ED was 4.8 mSv (median 2.6 ± 5.0 [range: 0.8-19.1]). This resulted in a reduction of 77% in mean ED (pvalue <0.001). Significant radiation dose reduction of 77% can be achieved with low-dose WBCT protocols in PTCs
CP-Violating Asymmetries in Charmless Non-Leptonic Decays in the Factorization Approach
We present estimates of the direct (in decay amplitudes) and indirect
(mixing- induced) CP-violating asymmetries in the non-leptonic charmless
two-body decay rates for , and decays and their
charged conjugates, where P(V) is a light pseudoscalar (vector) meson. These
estimates are based on a generalized factorization approach making use of
next-to-leading order perturbative QCD contributions which generate the
required strong phases. No soft final state interactions are included. We study
the dependence of the asymmetries on a number of input parameters and show that
there are at least two (possibly three) classes of decays in which the
asymmetries are parametrically stable in this approach. The decay modes of
particular interest are: \optbar{B^0} \to \pi^+ \pi^-, \optbar{B^0} \to
K_S^0 \pi^0, \optbar{B^0} \to K_S^0 \eta^\prime, \optbar{B^0} \to K_S^0
\eta and \optbar{B^0} \to \rho^+ \rho^-. Likewise, the CP-violating
asymmetry in the decays \optbar{B^0} \to K_S^0 h^0 with is found to be parametrically stable and large. Measurements
of these asymmetries will lead to a determination of the phases
and and we work out the relationships in these modes in the
present theoretical framework. We also show the extent of the so-called
"penguin pollution" in the rate asymmetry and of the
"tree shadow" in the asymmetry which will effect the
determination of and from the respective
measurements. CP-violating asymmetries in ,
, and are potentially interesting and are studied here.Comment: 42 pages (LaTex) including 19 figures, requires epsfig.sty; submitted
to Phys. Rev.
apeNEXT: A multi-TFlops Computer for Simulations in Lattice Gauge Theory
We present the APE (Array Processor Experiment) project for the development
of dedicated parallel computers for numerical simulations in lattice gauge
theories. While APEmille is a production machine in today's physics simulations
at various sites in Europe, a new machine, apeNEXT, is currently being
developed to provide multi-Tflops computing performance. Like previous APE
machines, the new supercomputer is largely custom designed and specifically
optimized for simulations of Lattice QCD.Comment: Poster at the XXIII Physics in Collisions Conference (PIC03),
Zeuthen, Germany, June 2003, 3 pages, Latex. PSN FRAP15. Replaced for adding
forgotten autho
Two-photon exclusive decays and
The exclusive decay modes and are shown to have significant branching ratios of approximately
. This first calculation of these modes employs a model
based on a cascade transition for estimating
the long-distance contribution and the process for the
short distance one.Comment: 11 Page
Recalculation of QCD Corrections to Decay
We give a more complete calculation of decay, including
leading log QCD corrections from to in addition to corrections
from to . We have included the full set of dimension-6 operators
and corrected numerical mistakes of anomalous dimensions in a previous
paper\cite{Cho}. Comparing with the calculations without QCD running from
to \cite{Mis}, the inclusive decay rate is found to be enhanced.
At GeV, it results in 12\% enhancement, and for GeV, 15\% is
found. The total QCD effect makes an enhanced factor of 4.2 at GeV,
and 3.2 for GeV.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures (uuencoded ps files), Changes of description. To
appear in Phys. Rev.
More on direct CP violation in b -> d + J/psi decays
Direct CP violation can occur in B-meson decays of the type b -> d+c+cbar,
where the charm-anticharm pair forms a J/psi. The CP asymmetry requires the
contribution to the amplitude from decays into other states, which rescatter
into d+J/psi via final state interactions. In particular, states with the same
quark content as d+J/psi can contribute. A perturbative calculation, based on a
quark level description of the rescattering process, gives an asymmetry of
about 1%, due to this effect. This makes it the dominant contribution to the
asymmetry, as suggested by an earlier estimate, based on an hadronic picture.Comment: 11 pages, TRI-PP-94-2
Constraints on Masses of Charged PGBs in Technicolor Model from Decay
In this paper we calculate the contributions to the branching ratio of from the charged Pseudo-Goldstone bosons appeared in one generation
Technicolor model. The current experimental results can eliminate large
part of the parameter space in the plane, and
specifically, one can put a strong lower bound on the masses of color octet
charged PGBs : at for free
.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures(uuencoded), Minor changes(Type error), to appear
in Phys. Rev.
Isospin Structure of Penguins And Their Consequences in Physics
Isospin structure of gluon mediated or strong penguin is significantly
altered when the full electroweak corrections are included. This has the
consequence that some previous analyses which relied on a simple isospin
structure in charmless decays become inapplicable. We present the general
Hamiltonian in next-to-leading order QCD, and illustrate our conclusion
quantitatively for and decays in the
factorization approximation. Some remarks on CP asymmetries in decays are
also made.Comment: Revtex, 11 pages, typos in eq.(17) were correcte
Using B_s^0 Decays to Determine the CP Angles \alpha and \gamma
Dighe, Gronau and Rosner have shown that, by assuming SU(3) flavor symmetry
and first-order SU(3) breaking, it is possible to extract the CP angles \alpha
and \gamma from measurements of the decay rates of B_d^0(t) --> \pi^+\pi^-,
B_d^0 --> \pi^- K^+ and B^+ --> \pi^+ K^0, along with their charge-conjugate
processes. We extend their analysis to include the SU(3)-related decays B_s^0
--> \pi^+ K^-, B_s^0(t) --> K^+ K^- and B_s^0 --> K^0 {\bar K^0}. There are
several advantages to this extension: discrete ambiguities are removed, fewer
assumptions are necessary, and the method works even if all strong phases
vanish. In addition, we show that \gamma can be obtained cleanly, with no
penguin contamination, by using the two decays B_s^0(t) --> K^+ K^- and B_s^0
--> K^0 {\bar K^0}.Comment: 28 pages, LaTe
Decay and Right-handed Top-bottom Charged Current
We introduce an anomalous top quark coupling (right-handed current) into
Standard Model Lagrangian. Based on this, a more complete calculation of decay including leading log QCD corrections from to
in addition to corrections from to is given. The inclusive decay
rate is found to be suppressed comparing with the case without QCD running from
to except at the time of small values of . e.g. when
, it is only of the value given before. As
goes smaller, this contribution is an enhancement like standard model case.
From the newly experiment of CLEO Collaboration, strict restrictions to
parameters of this top-bottom quark coupling are found.Comment: 20 Pages, 2 figures( ps file uuencoded)
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