E.Coli derived camelid antibodies as a sensor for P53 in saliva

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumor with 640,000 new cases annually in the world [1]. Saliva testing is non-invasive procedure that is capable to detect potential biomarkers for OSCC. It was shown that elevated level of p53 protein was identified in OSCC patients at different stages of the disease (ibid). Camelid antibodies containing only variable regions, nanobodies (VHH) and single-chain variable regions (scFv) with VH and VL, are becoming popular in many biological studies including diagnostic applications. It was identified that VL region alone showed higher affinity to p53 than VHH, and dimerization of VL region with another one increases the affinity up to 10 folds [2]. Camelid antibodies have similar affinity to its substrate as human antibodies and can be conjugated to other proteins without functional lose. They can be expressed and secreted in many organisms including E.Coli in high amount, which reduces the cost of antibodies production. Thus, the aim of this project is to design a biosensor, based on available sequence of antibodies, to detect p53 in saliva samples for OSCC diagnosis

Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Treatment

Aim. Description of risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment strategies of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in the course of antithrombotic therapy in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Key points. Risk factors of GIB during antithrombotic therapy in CHD patients include: GIB, gastric and/or duodenal ulcer in the history, reflux esophagitis, presence of H. pylori, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticula, haemorrhoids, angiodysplasia, gastrointestinal neoplasia, age above 65 years, concomitant treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glomerular filtration rate <50 mL/min, high doses of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) ≥3 in HAS-BLED score. Pathogenesis of GIB in the course of antithrombotic therapy is associated with systemic hypocoagulation and local damaging effects of these drugs. Strategies of GIB treatment during DOAC therapy in patients with CHD are determined by severity of bleeding and threat to life. Aside to standard conservative measures, endoscopic or surgical haemostasis requires usage of antidotes to suppress effects of DOACs and other specific drugs in severe cases.Conclusion. GIB associated with antithrombotic therapy in CHD patients poses a serious medical problem of growing importance with wider application of anticoagulant drugs. Antithrombotic therapy requires accurate decision making, risk assessment, careful monitoring of the patient’s condition and timely diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders following good rationale in GIB prevention

ВЛИЯНИЕ АНТИГИСТАМИННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ВТОРОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ НА КОГНИТИВНЫЕ ФУНКЦИИ ДЕТЕЙ С ПОЛЛИНОЗОМ

Relevance. Allergic pathology in particular, a hay fever, can lead to decrease in cognitive functions at children. Earlier it was established that antihistamine preparations of I generation influence cognitive functions of patients. Тhe patients with this nosology receive for a longtime courses of antihistamine preparations of II generation, so the analysis of influence of different AH preparations of II generation on cognitive activity of children with a hay fever is necessary. Purpose. Studying of influence of II generation antihistamine preparations in a complex with the specific allergen immunotherapy on cognitive functions at children with a hay fever. Patients and methods. Using the psychophysiological computer complex «Psihomat» the condition of cognitive functions was established. In total the 81 child with a hey fever were investigated. The persons under consideration were divided on subgroups depending on antihistamine which they received. For the patients in the main group of investigation the cognitive functions have been studied in 3 points. Results. The patients had changes in the attention and psychomotor activity more often, than in other conitive activity. It is not obtained distinct data on characteristic contribution of antihistamine preparations of a second generation in improvement of cognitive activity as a whole at complex treatment of hay fever with specific allergen immunotherapy. Antihistamine preparations (desloratidine and cetirizine) are improved by indexes of visual and space perception at children with a hay fever. From the 3 antihistamine preparations the cetirizine has the most carried out positive effect concerning the psiho-motoric activity in the combined ASIT. Conclusion. Padding express researches in the field are necessary for receiving the definite answers to problem questions. Актуальность. Аллергическая патология, в частности поллиноз, может приводить к снижению когнитивных функций у детей. Так же ранее было установлено, что антигистаминные препараты I поколения влияют на когнитивные функции пациентов. Так как пациенты с данной нозологией достаточно длительно получают курсы антигистаминных препаратов II поколения, необходим анализ их влияния на когнитивную деятельность детей с поллинозом. Цель исследования. Изучение влияния антигистаминных препаратов II поколения в комплексе с аллергенспецифической иммунотерапией (АСИТ) на когнитивные функции у детей с поллинозом. Пациенты и методы. С помощью психофизиологического компьютерного комплекса «Психомат» определено состояние когнитивных функций у 81 ребенка с диагнозом «Поллиноз». Обследуемые были разделены на подгруппы в зависимости от антигистаминного препарата, который получали. Пациентам приводилось исследование когнитивных функций в 3 точках. Результаты. Детализация когнитивных нарушений при поллинозе в стадии ремиссии показала, что у пациентов несколько чаще нарушены произвольное внимание и психомоторная деятельность. Не получено отчетливых данных о собственном вкладе антигистаминных препаратов II поколения в улучшение когнитивной деятельности в целом при комплексном с АСИТ лечении поллинозов. Антигистаминные препараты (дезлоратадин и цетиризин) улучшают показатели зрительно-пространственного восприятия у детей с поллинозом. Цетиризин обладает лучшим пролонгированным положительным эффектом в отношении психомоторной деятельности в комбинированной терапии с АСИТ. Заключение. Необходимы дополнительные специальные исследования в данной области для получения однозначных ответов на проблемные вопросы.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ КОГНИТИВНОЙ СФЕРЫ В РАЗВИТИИ РЕБЕНКА

The article gives scientific data on the development of cognitive brain functions in children in relation to their clinical significance and application: variants and regularities of development in normal state, pathology and at their boundary; pathological development of cognitive performance; origination and transformation of main symptoms and syndromes of cognitive disorders. Prospective and applied in the Center scientific approaches to diagnostics and treatment of cognitive disorders taking into consideration their development in age dynamics are given in detail. A complex of measures on the improvement of cognitive health in children and adolescents in the Russian Federation is suggested on the analysis results.В статье приводятся научные данные о развитии когнитивных функций мозга у детей сквозь призму их клинической значимости и применения: варианты и закономерности развития в норме, патологии и на их границе; патологическое развитие когнитивной деятельности; зарождение и трансформация основных симптомов и синдромов когнитивных нарушений. Подробно приводятся перспективные и применяемые в Центре научные подходы к диагностике и лечению когнитивных нарушений с учетом их развития в возрастной динамике. По результатам анализа предлагается комплекс мероприятий по улучшению когнитивного здоровья детей и подростков в Российской Федерации. 

Clinical features of post-COVID-19 period. Results of the international register “Dynamic analysis of comorbidities in SARS-CoV-2 survivors (AKTIV SARS-CoV-2)”. Data from 6-month follow-up

Aim. To study the clinical course specifics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and comorbid conditions in COVID-19 survivors 3, 6, 12 months after recovery in the Eurasian region according to the AKTIV register. Material and methods.The AKTIV register was created at the initiative of the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The AKTIV register is divided into 2 parts: AKTIV 1 and AKTIV 2. The AKTIV 1 register currently includes 6300 patients, while in AKTIV 2 — 2770. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 receiving in- and outpatient treatment have been anonymously included on the registry. The following 7 countries participated in the register: Russian Federation, Republic of Armenia, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Uzbekistan. This closed multicenter register with two nonoverlapping branches (in- and outpatient branch) provides 6 visits: 3 in-person visits during the acute period and 3 telephone calls after 3, 6, 12 months. Subject recruitment lasted from June 29, 2020 to October 29, 2020. Register will end on October 29, 2022. A total of 9 fragmentary analyzes of the registry data are planned. This fragment of the study presents the results of the post-hospitalization period in COVID-19 survivors after 3 and 6 months. Results. According to the AKTIV register, patients after COVID-19 are characterized by long-term persistent symptoms and frequent seeking for unscheduled medical care, including rehospitalizations. The most common causes of unplanned medical care are uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) and chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or decompensated type 2 diabetes (T2D). During 3- and 6-month follow-up after hospitalization, 5,6% and 6,4% of patients were diagnosed with other diseases, which were more often presented by HTN, T2D, and CAD. The mortality rate of patients in the post-hospitalization period was 1,9% in the first 3 months and 0,2% for 4-6 months. The highest mortality rate was observed in the first 3 months in the group of patients with class II-IV heart failure, as well as in patients with cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In the pattern of death causes in the post-hospitalization period, following cardiovascular causes prevailed (31,8%): acute coronary syndrome, stroke, acute heart failure. Conclusion. According to the AKTIV register, the health status of patients after COVID-19 in a serious challenge for healthcare system, which requires planning adequate health system capacity to provide care to patients with COVID-19 in both acute and post-hospitalization period

IMPACT OF LOOSE MATERIALS ON TRACK HOPPER WALLS

Objectives. During the design of different types of devices it is important to obtain reliable information concerning both the pressure distribution along the device's walls and the pressure at the level of  the eduction gear. Differential equations for the equilibrium and  stationary states of the loose medium accounting for the forces of  dry friction between its particles are provided in the article.Methods. Both the vertical pressure component z P and its gradient along axis OZ are assumed to depend on the respective radius.  Consequently, different forces will act vertically on the neighbouring  elementary rings. This leads to the neighbouring outer ring being  shifted downwards relative to the one under consideration;  conversely the neighbouring inner ring, relative to the latter, will be  shifted upwards. Therefore, the forces of dry friction acting on the  inner and outer lateral surfaces of the elementary ring under consideration will be directed in opposite directions. The resultant force will be determined by the gradient of the pressure  component along the coordinate  P . The assumption that the  components of the pressure acting on the loose material depend on  the coordinates leads to the need to take this force into account.Results. The resulting differential equations are integrated by  successive approximation in the boundary conditions corresponding  to an extended track hopper; the derived analytical expressions for  the pressure components of loose material in the hopper are  illustrated with the help of graphs for the actual parameters of the  hoppers; the distribution of loose material pressure along the walls  of track hoppers is analysed on the basis of loose material concepts  as an easily deformed anisotropic medium, which differs in its  properties from a liquid and does not obey Pascal's law.Conclusion. The walls of the hopper take on all the load. To save the wall's material, its thickness can be considered not as a  constant, but rather as a variable, providing maximum strength at a  level of 2/3rds of the height at which vibrators are to be positioned  to ensure a continuous flow of loose material from the hopper

THE INFLUENCE OF STATIC ARCHES ON THE EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN A HOPPER

Objectives. In practice, the process of loose material flowing from hoppers in different technological processes is often disrupted, resulting in reduced processing efficiency of contained loose materials. One of the most common reasons for the interruption of flows is the formation of dynamic arches in the hopper. From this perspective, the aim of the study is to assess the effect of static arches on the efficiency of technological processes in the hopper.Methods. The study was based on a system of differential equations describing the stationary and equilibrium state of the loose medium, which is integrated in the boundary conditions corresponding to round silos and hoppers. In this case, the analytical expressions for the pressure components of loose material in different directions are derived.Results. The obtained solutions are checked for logical consistency and illustrated with the help of graphs constructed in the area of symbolic mathematics for modeled and real parameters of silos and hoppers. The results of mathematical modeling are compared with experimental data for typical silos. The scatter of the experimental values is related to the processes of compacting the loose material, the time of its storage in the silo, as well as the microvibrational directions of a seismic or technogenic nature. The loose material in the silo resides in an intermediate position between stationary and equilibrium states at all times. The parameters of the loose material (bulk density, external and internal friction angles) represent some generalised values that do not correspond to a specific loose material, which, in addition, can vary over time.Conclusion. It is confirmed that arches formed in the hopper during the static state acquire a dynamic character during material flow, hampering the flow process and consequently reducing the efficiency of the hoppers

Identification of yeast species involved in fermentation of the Kazakh camel dairy product–shubat

ArticleIn certain countries of the world, camel's milk is used for food on a level with cow's milk. Shubat is a traditional food product based on camel milk in Kazakhstan. It is a fermented milk product obtained as a result of spontaneous fermentation of camel's milk under the influence of native microflora. Received dairy product from the southern region of K azakhstan became the object of the investigation of the microflora of the fermented milk product shubat . The aim of the research was to study the microflora of camel milk, which causes its spontaneous fermentation. During the experiment, the dynamics of ac id accumulation by the change in active acidity (pH) and titratable acidity (°T) was studied. In addition to lactic fermentation fermented product ( shubat ), alcoholic fermentation was noted, which has given the finished product an increased acidity and a h igh degree of gassing. To enumerate and identify microorganisms, shubat was sown to the following nutrient media: MRS, Malt wort - agar medium at 36 °C and 30 °C respectively both for 3 days. We suppose that the dominant component of the shubat ’ s microflora was yeasts: Brettanomyces anomalus, Naumovozyma castellii . Pathogenic microorganisms, such as Salmonella, Shigella , were not detected during the research, considering that the shubat is formed as a result of spontaneous fermentation and has poor hygienic c haracteristics in comparison with pasteurized milk. Identification of individual strains of bacteria allows us to simulate a starter microflora for the production of a safe fermented product based on camel milk on an industrial scale in Kazakhstan. The ide ntified microflora, which causes spontaneous fermentation of camel milk and isolated strains of lactic acid bacteria, will make a significant contribution to the improvement of food safety in arid regions

Assessing the environmental status of the Zeya River by the state of aquatic communities at the construction site of the Amur Gas Chemical Complex

Environmental engineering survey performed at the construction site of the Amur Gas Chemical Complex in 2018 in order to assess the state of aquatic communities of the Zeya River revealed 37 taxa of planktonic algae (below genus rank), 32 species of zooplankton, and 37 species of benthic organisms. In May, phytoplankton was mainly represented by diatoms; in July, it was more diverse, when green algae, golden algae and cyanobacteria all played a significant role. In May, zooplankton included mainly rotifers; in July, crustaceans dominated by biomass at most stations. Zoobenthos was represented in May mainly by oligochaetes and bivalves, while insects dominated in July. The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthos were low. The Goodnight–Whitley, Parele, Woodiwiss, and Mayer indices testified to relatively favorable environmental conditions in the studied sections of the Zeya River. According to the indicators of phyto- and zooplankton, and zoobenthos, the waters of the river are classified as oligosaprobic

TREATMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN ELDERLY PATIENTS: PRACTICE OF N.I. PIROGOV CITY CLINICAL HOSPITAL №1

Aim. Assessment of compliance the management of elderly patients (≥75 years) with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with existing guidelines and evaluation of ACS features during the last two years of working period of the Regional vascular center and compare the results with the data from Russian and foreign registries, randomized clinical studies (RCS) and recommendations. Material and methods. Analysis of diagnostic and treatment data of 999 patients, aged 75 years and over, who were taken by ambulance or made their own way to N. I. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital №1 (CCH №1) in Moscow and were hospitalized during the period between the 1st January 2014 and the 31st of December 2015 in the intensive care unit for patients with myocardial infarction with the initial diagnoses of ACS, myocardial infarction and unstable angina. Results. The elderly patients with ACS admitted to the CCH №1 in 2014 and 2015 were 41% and 54% of all patients with ACS, respectively; women prevailed in all age subgroups. There was no age difference between the subgroups of ACS in patients with elevation ST-segment and ACS in patients without ST-segment elevation. A high frequency of comorbidity in the elderly patients with ACS was observed; hypertension was the most common disease with an incidence rate of 95% without significant difference between the genders. The incidence of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary angiography (CAG) significantly increased in 2015 compared with 2014 (p<0.0001, risk ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.420.76). A reduction in hospital deaths was also found (p<0.0001, risk ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 0.94-2.43). Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) was prescribed to elderly patients in clinical practice approximately in 70% of cases; DAT was performed significantly more often in 2015 than in 2014. Conclusion. There are a high percentage of the elderly patients with ACS admitted to the CCH №1. This proportion is dramatically higher than this in the Russian and foreign registries and RCS, that could influence on the outcome of patient care. The widespread use of interventional diagnostic and treatment methods (CAG and PCI) allows to improve substantially the clinical outcomes of ACS. A possibility of unconditional following the guidelines regarding the prescription of DAT to the elderly patients with ACS in real clinical practice may be limited by the high incidence of concomitant pathology