Co-creation of a school-based sexual health education intervention in Italy

Introduction: School-based sexuality education (SBSE) is the most effective way to positively impact young people's behaviour and attitude towards sexuality. This study describes the development of a SBSE pilot activity targeting lower secondary schools (LSS) within the context of EduforIST project funded by the Italian Ministry of Health. Methods: A desk review was carried out to collect information about national policies, international literature and guidelines on SE and STIs prevention. An online survey was developed to collect information on SBSE activities implemented in Italy during 2016-2020. Focus groups among project partners and open consultations with a multisectorial expert advisory board were organised. SBSE pilot activity was developed by an interdisciplinary team of pedagogists, public health and SE experts, educators. Results and discussion: The SBSE was structured in: a) 5 interactive interventions of 2 hours each with students (4 theoretical and practical modules; 1 final intervention for students-led discussion and evaluation); b) introductory and closing meetings with teachers and with parents. The modules addressed the following dimensions: changes in adolescence; emotions and relationships; sexual identities and diversity; sexual consent, STIs/pregnancy prevention, sexual health services. Additional materials were developed: a. pre/post evaluation tools for educators and students; b. pre-implementation checklist for schools; c. materials for teachers’ and parents’ engagement before/after the SBSE activity. Conclusions: This pilot activity represented a first step towards the development of a standardised, evidence-based and comprehensive approach to SBSE, for future implementation across the country

ANCORA SULL'ACQUA DI CALCE. IL RESTAURO DELLA CAPPELLA CAVALCABO' A DIECI ANNI DALL'INTERVENTO

Which has often raised aversion due to its applicative limitation and poor effect. However acqua di calce (special technique for consolidation) detained good resoluts especially in a project supported be the superintendency of cultural heritage of Brescia the restoring of the paintings. The restoring of the paintings in the chapel Cavalcabò in the church S. Agostino in Cremona (painting by Bonifacio Bembo and others). This chapel in one of the most important exemples of late gothic art, which survived the restoration during the 18th and 20th centuries mainly thanks to Guido Gregorietti’s work in 1951-1952. The project of the superintendency of cultural heritage in 1994-1995 of the chapel focused on the materials, the execution technique and the deterioration the aim was to restored the original plastering dating back to 15th century and to preserve the sing left by the following interventions. Acqua di calce has proved to be a fixing and consolidation agent thanks to its basic solution and the small quantite of calcium hydroxide. Moreover it is compatible with the original plastering and the restering materials. The invention was studied carefully because of technical difficulties like the consolidation of the internal parts of the plastering. Realised on fragile materials without any pre-consolidation. The results are now discussed, more than 10 years later

Pregnancy outcome among HIV positive and negative intravenous drug users

Objective: To analyze determinants of pregnancy outcome, among HIV infected and uninfected intravenous drug users. Study design: A total of 315 pregnant current intravenous drug users, IVDU (151 HIV infected and 164 HIV uninfected subjects) were referred to the Center for Pregnant Drug Addicts of the Mangiagalli Clinic, Milan, Italy, for internatal care and delivery between 1985 and 1993. Results: HIV uninfected and infected mothers did not differ significantly according to type of pregnancy, gestational age at childbirth, mode of delivery, pregnancy outcome and newborn weight, height, head circumference, sex and Apgar at 1 and 5 min. Out of 133 children (born to HIV infected mothers) for whom HIV status was available, 20 (15%) were HIV infected or developed AIDS-related signs and symptoms during a 24 months follow-up. The distribution of HIV infected and non infected infants was not significantly different as regards maternal CD4 lymphocyte count, week of gestation at birth, mode of delivery, infant weight, height, head circumference and Apgar at 1 and 5 min. Conclusion: Our data show that HIV infected women in the early stages of HIV infection are not at a higher risk of adverse course of pregnancy than HIV uninfected women. Vertical transmission rates were not associated to newborn characteristics

School-based sexuality education in Italy 2016-2020: a highly heterogeneous scenario

Abstract Background In Italy, sexuality education (SE) is not part of school curricula. SE and, specifically, comprehensive SE (CSE), as defined by UNESCO, is one of the most important means of promoting sexual well-being among young people and a key component for sexually transmitted infections' (STI) prevention. School-based SE has the potential to reach most young people, is cost-effective and valued by students. The aim of this study was to describe school-based SE educational activities (EA) implemented in Italy during 2016-2020. Methods An online survey was developed and piloted to collect information on duration, content and methods used to implement the EA. The survey was disseminated at national and regional level between August-October 2020. IBM SPSS Statistics 26 was used to perform descriptive analysis of the data, while a framework from UNESCO was adapted to perform a qualitative analysis. Results A total of 219 reported EA were carried out in secondary schools. The analysis describes a highly heterogeneous scenario in terms of EA geographical coverage across the country (most EA delivered in 4/20 regions), providers (70% private, 30% public) and objectives. The qualitative analysis of content, objectives, and methodology identified 62 EA (29%) classifiable as CSE, with median duration of 3 days. The remainder EA had a risk-based approach, largely focussing on STI prevention (35%). Many EA (29%) were single-session interventions. Limited time availability for extra-curricular activities was reported as a key challenge. Only 97 EA performed evaluation (44%). In 53 EA (24%) both pre and post knowledge assessment were delivered and in 114 (52%) satisfaction was evaluated. Conclusions Italy is one of a few European countries still lacking a dedicated policy for school-based SE. According to available data, SE is not systematically and equally delivered across the country. Action is urgently needed to incorporate SE in school curricula. (Funding: Italian Ministry of Health) Key messages This study shows the absence of a comprehensive and shared approach to SE in Italy, with heterogeneous geographical coverage and providers and a lack of systematic objectives and evaluation. The results highlight the need to develop theoretical and practical guidelines for the implementation of CSE in Italy and the integration of sexuality education in school curricula. </jats:sec

Italian Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents and the Diagnostic-clinical Management of HIV-1 Infected Persons

112The aim of this version is simply to render certain concepts expressed in the document more usable, by specific circulation in booklet form, inviting the reader to refer to the extended version for further information and full details. It was decided not to discuss in toto in this version certain fundamental parts of the extended versions such as the populations requiring special attention (elderly, women, immigrants, children), the conditions requiring special attention (drug and/or alcohol addiction, detention) or the situations requiring special attention (transplants). For all these populations, conditions or situations, it should be referred at the full text version of the Guidelines. Lastly, it was decided to refer the reader to the extended version for all bibliographic citations, except for the essential references cited at the end of this versionopenAntinori A; Marcotullio S; Ammassari A; Andreoni M; Angarano G; Carosi G; Cinque P; D' Arminio Monforte A; Di Perri G; Ensoli B; Ferrazzi E; Galli M; Mastroianni C; Matteelli A; Mazzotta F; Moroni M; Pal G; Puoti M; Puro V; Rizzardini G; Sagnelli E; Suter F; Vella S; Lazzarin A. Collaborators: Ensoli B; Moroni M; Lazzarin A; Sagnelli E; Antinori A; Carosi G; Marcotullio S; Mazzotta F; Vella S; Ammassari A; Antonucci G; Andreoni M; Angarano G; Armignacco O; Babudieri S; Baldelli F; Bini T; Bonfanti P; Bonora S; Borderi M; Bruno R; Bucciardini R; Castagna A; Cattelan AM; Cauda R; Cerioli A; Chirianni A; Cingolani A; Cinque P; D' Arminio Monforte A; De Carli G; De Luca A; Di Perri G; Di Pietro M; El Hamad I; Errico M; Ferrazzi E; Floridia M; Gabrielli E; Galli M; Giaquinto C; Girardi E; Gori A; Grossi P; Guaraldi G; Liuzzi G; Lo Caputo S; Maggiolo F; Malena M; Maserati R; Mastroianni C; Matteelli A; Morrone A; Murri R; Mussini C; Nasta P; Oldrini M; Oleari F; Orlando G; Pal G; Pempinello R; Perno CF; Prestileo T; Pompa MG; Puoti M; Puro V; Rancilio L; Rasi G; Rizzardini G; Savasi VM; Signorini L; Sighinolfi L; Sighinolfi M; Stagnitta M; Starace F; Starnini G; Sterrantino G; Suter F; Tamburini E; Tambussi G; Tavio M; Torti C; Tozzi V; Trotta MP; Vaccher E; Vigan A; Visintini R; Vullo V; Zuccotti GVAntinori, A; Marcotullio, S; Ammassari, A; Andreoni, M; Angarano, G; Carosi, G; Cinque, P; D' Arminio Monforte, A; Di Perri, G; Ensoli, B; Ferrazzi, E; Galli, M; Mastroianni, C; Matteelli, A; Mazzotta, F; Moroni, M; Pal, G; Puoti, M; Puro, V; Rizzardini, G; Sagnelli, E; Suter, F; Vella, S; Lazzarin A., Collaborators: Ensoli B; Moroni, M; Lazzarin, A; Sagnelli, E; Antinori, A; Carosi, G; Marcotullio, S; Mazzotta, F; Vella, S; Ammassari, A; Antonucci, G; Andreoni, M; Angarano, G; Armignacco, O; Babudieri, S; Baldelli, F; Bini, T; Bonfanti, P; Bonora, S; Borderi, M; Bruno, R; Bucciardini, R; Castagna, A; Cattelan, Am; Cauda, R; Cerioli, A; Chirianni, A; Cingolani, A; Cinque, P; D' Arminio Monforte, A; De Carli, G; De Luca, A; Di Perri, G; Di Pietro, M; El Hamad, I; Errico, M; Ferrazzi, E; Floridia, M; Gabrielli, E; Galli, M; Giaquinto, C; Girardi, E; Gori, A; Grossi, PAOLO ANTONIO; Guaraldi, G; Liuzzi, G; Lo Caputo, S; Maggiolo, F; Malena, M; Maserati, R; Mastroianni, C; Matteelli, A; Morrone, A; Murri, R; Mussini, C; Nasta, P; Oldrini, M; Oleari, F; Orlando, G; Pal, G; Pempinello, R; Perno, Cf; Prestileo, T; Pompa, Mg; Puoti, M; Puro, V; Rancilio, L; Rasi, G; Rizzardini, G; Savasi, Vm; Signorini, L; Sighinolfi, L; Sighinolfi, M; Stagnitta, M; Starace, F; Starnini, G; Sterrantino, G; Suter, F; Tamburini, E; Tambussi, G; Tavio, M; Torti, C; Tozzi, V; Trotta, Mp; Vaccher, E; Vigan, A; Visintini, R; Vullo, V; Zuccotti, G