Soft X-Ray Projection Lithography Using a 1-1 Ring Field Optical-System

An iridium-coated Offner 1:1 ring field camera has been used to carry out projection lithography using 42 nm light from an undulator in the vacuum ultra violet storage ring at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Near-diffraction-limited resolution has been obtained showing features as small as 0.2-mu-m within a 2 mm x 0.25 mm image field. Images of both transmission and reflection masks have been obtained. The impact of source coherence on imagery has been investigated. Hydrocarbon contamination problems experienced in this photon energy range have been investigated and possible solutions are suggested

The Psychology of Privacy in the Digital Age

Privacy is a psychological topic suffering from historical neglect – a neglect that is increasingly consequential in an era of social media connectedness, mass surveillance and the permanence of our electronic footprint. Despite fundamental changes in the privacy landscape, social and personality psychology journals remains largely unrepresented in debates on the future of privacy. By contrast, in disciplines like computer science and media and communication studies, engaging directly with socio- technical developments, interest in privacy has grown considerably. In our review of this interdisciplinary literature we suggest four domains of interest to psychologists. These are: sensitivity to individual differences in privacy disposition; a claim that privacy is fundamentally based in social interactions; a claim that privacy is inherently contextual; and a suggestion that privacy is as much about psychological groups as it is about individuals. Moreover, we propose a framework to enable progression to more integrative models of the psychology of privacy in the digital age, and in particular suggest that a group and social relations based approach to privacy is needed

Adaptation of Classical Evaluation Methods to a Young Audience with Autism Spectrum Disorders

International audienceIn order to validate the usability and utility of an application, it is necessary to evaluate it. Many methods exist. The choice of these is defined by the availability of the application and the end users. But other parameters impact this choice as the context of use of the tool as well as the specificities of the public. The methods most commonly used when the application and the users are available, rely predominantly on verbal exchanges, in individual and group interviews. We want to evaluate an application dedicated to a young audience with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders). Apart from this audience, there are difficulties in the areas of communication and social interactions. Therefore, how can we evaluate an application dedicated to this particular audience while involving it? We propose an adaptation of classical evaluation methods based on the environment and the human environment of the users.Afin de valider l’utilisabilité et l’utilité d’une application, il est nécessaire de l’évaluer. De nombreuses méthodes existent. Le choix de celles-ci est défini par la disponibilité de l'application et celle des utilisateurs finaux. Mais d’autres paramètres entrent en jeu dans ce choix comme le contexte d’utilisation de l’outil ainsi que les particularités du public. Les méthodes les plus communément utilisées lorsque l’application et les utilisateurs sont disponibles, reposent majoritairement sur des échanges verbaux, en entretiens individuels comme en groupe. Nous souhaitons évaluer une application dédiée à un jeune public avec TSA (Troubles du Spectre Autistique). Or ce public présente, entre autres, des difficultés dans les domaines de la communication et des interactions sociales. Dès lors, comment évaluer une application dédiée à ce public particulier tout en le faisant participer ? Nous proposons une adaptation des méthodes d’évaluation classiques en nous appuyant sur l'environnement et l'entourage humain des utilisateurs