Психологические особенности обучения естественно научным дисциплинам студентов с гуманитарным стилем мышления

The article explores psychological features of mastering the content of natural sciences by students with humanities line of thought. The specifics of teaching natural sciences to the students with humanities line of thought is determined by the students» perception and processing of information. Humanities-minded students are characterized by slow generalization, unconcluded thinking, and a weak tendency to rationality. The problem of understanding and comprehension in humanities-minded students is more prominent, which is revealed in formal memorization of formulas and definitions no realizing the meaning and recognizing only familiar information.Students with Humanities line of thought often have difficulty using abstract material and precise scientific concepts. The specific character of humanitarian thinking lies in its associative character and essential role of the subjective, emotional, expression of interest to the person and his role in the world. For the Humanities-minded students, imagery and vivacity of thinking, emotional attitude to events are more typical. Experience shows that students who have chosen to study Humanities have a predominant humanitarian thinking. This type of thinking is formed by the special education in secondary schools and is still developing at the stage of higher education. Humanitarian type of thinking is characterized by dialogue, variability, creativity, independence in mastering new knowledge, ability to intellectual inventions and experiments with unknown and not evident results, reflexing and critical thinking of the results. Humanities-minded students are more characterized by the prevalence of associative, imaginative thinking, emotional perception of information, rejection of formalized, probative ways of reasoning, the dominance of the real perception of the world over the abstract and idealized. В статье рассматриваются психологические особенности освоения студентами-гуманитариями содержания естественно-научного образования. Специфика обучения естественно-научным дисциплинам студентов-гуманитариев определяется наличием у данной группы обучающихся особенностей восприятия и переработки информации. Для мышления гуманитариев характерно медленное обобщение, мышление не свернутыми умозаключениями и слабая склонность к рациональности. Проблема понимания и осмысления у студентов-гуманитариев выделяется более выпукло, что проявляется в формальном запоминании формул и определений без осознания их смысла, узнавании только знакомой информации. У гуманитариев часто имеются затруднения, связанные с использованием абстрактного материала, точными научными понятиями. Специфика гуманитарного мышления заключается в его ассоциативном характере и существенной роли субъективного, эмоционального, выражении интереса к человеку и его роли в мире, с приоритетностью творческого, художественного начала, объяснения происхождения объектов, явлений, исходя из целого, в которое они включены, или из эстетической необходимости. Для гуманитариев в большей степени свойственны образность и живость мышления, эмоциональное отношение к событиям. Практика показывает, что у студентов, выбравших для обучения гуманитарные специальности, преобладает гуманитарное мышление. Оно сформировано условиями профильного обучения в средней школе и продолжает развиваться на этапе получения высшего образования. Гуманитарный тип мышления характеризуется диалогичностью, вариативностью, креативностью, самостоятельностью в освоении новых знаний, способностью к интеллектуальным изобретениям и экспериментам с неизвестными и неочевидными результатами, к рефлексивности и критичности результатов деятельности. Для студентов-гуманитариев в большей мере характерно превалирование ассоциативного, образного мышления, эмоционального восприятия информации, отторжение формализованных, доказательных способов рассуждений, доминирование реального восприятия окружающего мира над абстрактным, идеализированным.

INFLUENCE EXERTED BY SOMATIC PATHOLOGY ON RISKS OF OCCUPATIONAL LUNG FIBROSIS IN WORKERS EMPLOYED AT REFRACTORY PRODUCTION

Occupational lungs and bronchial pathology occurs not only under exposure to dusts, their aerosol structure and aggression, but also depends on individual properties of a body. The latter can determine either increased body resistance or susceptibility to occupational pathology occurrence. Our research goal was to determine influence exerted by somatic pathology on occupational lung fibrosis occurrence as well as to estimate prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic pathology occurrence in workers employed at refractory production. At the first stage 449 workers employed at refractory production were examined at a periodical medical examination (PME). Patients' average age was 41.59 ± 0.45 and average work experience was 14.47 ± 0.39 years. At the second stage 172 workers were examined at an occupational pathology center; 75 out of them were workers who had silicosis and were included into the test group and the remaining 97 workers didn't have any occupational pathology and were included into the reference group. Both groups were comparable as per sex (p = 0.0052) and work experience under exposure to dusts (p = 0.862). Workers examined at a PME most frequently had overweight and obesity (68 %). Arterial hypertension (AH) prevalence amounted to 19.5%; carbohydrate metabolism disorders, 19.8 %; 48.1 % workers had hypercholesterolemia. Patients with silicosis had certain disorders significantly more frequently than workers with long work experience but without any occupational pathologies; those disorders were AH, cardiac muscle hypertrophy in the left ventricle, ischemic heart disease, heart rate disorders, as well as mixed (obstructive and restrictive) breath mechanics disorders. We determined some factors that authentically produced certain effects on occupational lung fibrosis occurrence in workers employed at refractory production. Median time of silicosis occurrence was significantly shorter (by 11.5 years) among workers with severe AH, arrhythmia (by 13 years), lower hemoglobin in blood (by 11.5 years). Besides, silicosis occurred significantly earlier (by 10.8) among women than among men. © 2020 Obukhova T.Yu., Budkar' L.N., Gurvich V.B., Solodushkin S.I., Shmonina O.G., Karpova E.A.,. All Rights Reserved

Strategic Priorities in Innovative-Technological Development in Physical Education and Sports

Непрекращающиеся изменения, связанные с геополитической ситуацией, эпидемиологической обстановкой и многими другими факторами, которые на протяжении последних лет заставляют общество моментально реагировать и трансформироваться, не обходят стороной ни одну сферу деятельности. Так, сфера физической культуры и спорта, следуя современным тенденциям, ставит перед собой задачи по цифровизации отрасли, развитию спортивной индустрии в части создания технологического суверенитета по производству спортивного оборудования и инвентаря, совершенствованию медико-биологического обеспечения и мн. др. В статье определены основные направления инновационно-технологического развития сферы физической культуры и спорта.Unending changes connected to the geopolitical situation, epidemiological situation and different other factors that over the years force the population to react and transform touch upon every field of activity. And so, the field of physical education and sports following modern tendencies sets for itself goals in the digitalization of the field and the development of the sports industry in the creation of technological sovereignity in the production of sports equipment and inventory, perfection of medical support and much more. In this paper are shown the main directions of innovative technological development in the field of physical education and sports

Creation of the Ural Industrial-Sports Cluster in the Sverdlovsk Region

Одной из приоритетных задач развития физической культуры и спорта Российской Федерации является выполнение Указа Президента в части увеличения к 2030 году доли населения до 70 %, систематически занимающегося физической культурой и спортом. Создание и развитие необходимой спортивной инфраструктуры оказывает огромное влияние на этот показатель. Также развитие спортивной инфраструктуры является важнейшим общефедеральным вопросом, залогом будущего развития не только отрасли физической культуры и спорта, но и общества, и государства в целом. Создание индустриально-спортивных кластеров — новая веха в развитии сферы физической культуры и спорта. В статье представлен опыт Свердловской области в части создания Уральского индустриально-спортивного кластера.One of the prioritized missions in the development of physical education and sports in the Russian Federation is completing President Vladimir Putin’s task of increasing the percent of the population that participates in physical education and sports to 70 % until 2030. The creation and development of necessary systems greatly influences the number of people that participate. Also, the development of a sports infrastructure is one of the most vital federal tasks that is the foundation for future development of not just physical education and sports but of the population and of the government in general. The creation industrialsports clusters — is a new branch of development in the field of physical education and sports. In this paper are presented ways that the Sverdlovsk region helped develop a Ural Industrialsports cluster

Mathematical Modeling of the Development of Chronic Fluorine Intoxication in Aluminium Industry Workers

Introduction. Chronic fluorine intoxication prevails among the newly discovered occupational diseases in aluminum industry workers. Mathematical modeling is one of the helpful tools in ensuring better risk management with respect to the development of occupational fluorosis. Objective. Developing a logistic regression model predicting a probability of occupational fluorosis development in an occupational staff of aluminum plants in order to suggest adequate prophylactic strategies. Material and methods. A logistic regression model predicting a probability of the development of occupational fluorosis in aluminum industry workers of the Sverdlovsk region was constructed. The model embraced the results of a univariate analysis conducted with respect to major occupational exposures and health characteristics of 201 workers. Results. Six major factors were identified as being predictive of occupational fluorosis development in aluminum industry workers: age (fluorosis risk increases with age); type 2 diabetes mellitus; atrophic gastritis; kidney cysts; X-ray examination data (fluorosis risk increases with the stage as determined by X-ray); the hydro fluoride concentration increases by more than 2 occupational exposure limits. The developed model was verified by clinical cases and showed a high predictive ability (86.2 %). Both sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (true negative rate) of the model amounted to 86.2 %. Conclusion. By multivariate analysis the significant, mutually independent factors were identified, their combination being associated with chronic fluorine intoxication in an occupational staff of aluminum plants. The developed mathematical model has a high predictive ability and can be recommended as a sure tool to forecast the course of occupational fluorosis development in the workers at the aluminum industry. © 2020 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved.The work of Solodushkin was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract No 02.A03.21.0006

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Associated with Occupational Lung Fibrosis in Employees Exposed to the Dust at the Workplace

Introduction. The attribution of certain medical conditions in industrial workers to hazardous exposures at the workplace remains a challenging issue of occupational health. Material and methods. In order to identify cardiovascular conditions associated with occupational lung diseases in workers exposed to fibrogenic dust, we conducted a medical check-up examination of individuals employed in refractory production and asbestos industry. The main group consisted of the patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung fibrosis (asbestosis, silicosis); the reference group was age- and tenure-matched workers without occupational fibrosis. Results. We e stablished a significantly h igher prevalence of arterial hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, s inus tachycardia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and impaired fasting glycemia in workers with silicosis and asbestosis if compared to those without work-related diseases. Based on the relative risk and attributable fraction estimates, we assume there is moderate occupational causation for arterial hypertension and a strong one for left ventricular hypertrophy, sinus tachycardia, and obesity. Very strong causation was found between occupational exposure to fibrogenic dust and carbohydrate metabolism disorders. High-stage hypertension, dyslipidemia and left ventricular hypertrophy were found to have a statistically significant impact on the timing of silicosis. Whereas high-stage hypertension, coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and obesity were found to impact the timing of asbestosis. Conclusion. Cardiovascular and metabolic disorders are statistically more occurrent in workers with silicosis or asbestosis. Therefore, the disease can be regarded as work-related. We established cardiovascular and metabolic disorders to have a statistically significant impact on the timing of silicosis and asbestosis. Therefore, a timely CVD prophylaxis could reduce the risk of occupational lung fibrosis in workers exposed to fibrogenic dust. © 2020 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved.The work of Solodushkin was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract No 02.A03.21.0006

First experience of using Brentuximab vedotin and modified program NHL-BFM-90 in the front-line treatment of patient with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: a case report and a review of literature

Nodal anaplastic ALK-negative large cell lymphoma (nALCL, ALK-) is a Т-cell lymphoma that is characterized by aggressive clinical course and low sensitivity to СНОР (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) and other chemotherapy regimen. In the article we present a literature review and describe our clinical case of nALCL, ALK-. For the first time a combination of Brentuximab vedotin with modified program NHL-BFM-90 was used as a first-line therapy. As a result of immunochemotherapy a complete antineoplastic effect was obtained. For consolidation of this effect high-dose chemotherapy with following autologous blood stem cell transplantation was performed. The chosen treatment tactics allowed to achieve a complete remission in a medium risk group patient

ЛИТИЙ КАК ФАКТОР СОПРЯЖЕНИЯ НАРУШЕНИЙ МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО И УГЛЕВОДНОГО ГОМЕОСТАЗА ПРИ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯХ ЭПИТЕЛИАЛЬНЫХ ТКАНЕЙ

The impact of changes in orientation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and minerals in the cell malignancy has been demonstrated in several studies. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms and relationship of carbohydrate and mineral homeostasis with the processes of carcinogenesis. Parameters of carbohydrate and mineral metabolism of blood were defined in 73 patients with malignant tumors of epithelial tissues and 31 healthy subjects. In the presence of malignant tumors of epithelial tissues there was a statistically significant increase in the levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin in the early stages of the disease and the absence of them at stage IV of the disease. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of C-peptide and immunoreactive insulin in blood samples of cancer patients, although they tended to increase compared with the control group. Analysis of the composition of macroelements at the early stages of carcinogenesis revealed a statistically significant reduction of sodium level in plasma which wasn’t observed at the terminal stage of the disease. The concentrations of potassium and chlorine tend to increase in cancer patients, but the differences between these parameters were not statistically significant. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium significantly increased in the presence of malignant tumors. Analysis of microelements in the blood plasma showed a decrease in the concentration of cuprum and lithium (in 2.5-5 times) and the growth of strontium concentrations. Lithium has multiple effects on the life of cells, affecting a number of elements of messengers, as well as being the link between the carbohydrate metabolism and cell malignancy. Disorders of mineral homeostasis are important element in the disintegration of the metabolic processes in carcinogenesisВлияние изменения направленности метаболизма углеводов и минерального обмена на малигнизацию клеток было наглядно показано в ряде работ. Целью данного исследования стал анализ молекулярных механизмов взаимосвязи углеводного и минерального гомеостаза с процессами канцерогенеза. Определяли параметры углеводного и минерального обменов крови у 73 больных злокачественными новообразованиями эпителиальных тканей и 31 практически здоровых лиц. При злокачественных новообразованиях эпителиальных тканей выявлено статистически значимое повышение уровней глюкозы и гликилированного гемоглобина на начальных стадиях заболевания при отсутствии такового при IV стадии заболевания. Статистически значимых отличий по уровням С-пептида и иммунореактивного инсулина в крови онкологических больных выявлено не было, хотя и наблюдалась тенденция к их повышению по сравнению с контрольной группой. При анализе содержания макроэлементов уже на начальных стадиях канцерогенеза обнаружено статистически значимое снижение уровня Na в плазме крови, не наблюдающееся при терминальной стадии. Концентрации K и Сl имеет тенденцию к повышению у онкологических больных, но различия этих показателей статистически не значимы. При злокачественных новообразованиях значимо повышается содержание Ca, Р, Mg. Анализ уровня микроэлементов в плазме крови показал снижение концентрации Cu, Li (в 2,5–5 раз), рост содержания Sr. Литий оказывает множественные эффекты на жизнедеятельность клеток, влияя на ряд элементов систем мессенджеров, а также являясь сопрягающим звеном между углеводным обменом и малигнизацией клеток. Нарушение минерального гомеостаза является значимым звеном в дезинтеграции метаболических процессов при канцерогенезе.

Cardiovascular Toxicity in Copper Production Workers Exposed to Heavy Metals

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The role of occupational hazards in the CVD prevalence remains to be clarified. Material and methods. Here we report the results of the study of risk factors and CVD prevalence in 590 workers at the largest copper production plants in the Sverdlovsk region, exposed to heavy metals in the workplace. The workers' health information was obtained during a regular medical examination in 2018. The lead concentration increase to 1.3-1.8 occupational exposure limits was registered in the working areas of the concentrating mill (for bunkerman) and copper smelting workshops (transporter, smelter, converter, non-ferrous metal spreader, repairman, electrician). Results. We studied the exposure indices (Pb level in blood), the response markers (reticulocyte count, erythrocytes basophilic stippling, coproporphyrin, and aminolevulinic acid in the urine), and their correlation to a working tenure. Based on this analysis, we attributed CVD risk factors and cardiovascular diseases to the occupation, in order to potentially modify some of those risk factors and ultimately inform the risk management. Hypertension occurred in 57% of the examined workers, which is higher than in the general population. We calculated relative risk, confidence intervals and attributable fraction. We developed a predictive mathematical model (stepwise logistic regression) to predict high-stage hypertension and identified the risk factors associated with its development. Conclusions. Correlation analysis revealed direct correlations between stages 2 and 3 hypertension and a working tenure over 20 years. We think it's reasonable to consider the documented CVDs as related to the toxic effects of heavy metals (lead and cadmium). © 2020 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved.The work of Solodushkin was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract No 02.A03.21.0006

Non-pharmacological therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular pathology in workers exposed to dust chrysotile–asbestos

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels occupy a leading place (47%) among all comorbidities in persons engaged in the extraction and enrichment of chrysotile asbestos. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems developed physiotherapy complexes for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in workers exposed to the dust of chrysotile asbestos. The proposed complexes cause improvement of functional parameters of respiratory and cardiovascular systems and can be used for non-drug therapy of patients with combined bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular pathology. The first complex is indicated in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis in remission phase, having a pronounced electrical instability of the myocardium. The second treatment complex can be assigned to patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis in the acute phase, with signs of chronic pulmonary heart and concomitant cardiac dysrhythmias.Заболевания сердца и сосудов занимают ведущее место (47%) среди всей сопутствующей патологии у лиц, занятых на добыче и обогащении хризотил – асбеста. На основе анализа динамики показателей дыхательной и сердечно-сосудистой систем разработаны физиотерапевтические комплексы для лечения сердечных аритмий у рабочих, экспонированных к пыли хризотил-асбеста. Предложенные комплексы вызывают улучшение функциональных показателей дыхательной и сердечно – сосудистой систем и могут быть использованы для немедикаментозной терапии больных с сочетанной бронхолегочной и кардиоваскулярной патологией. Первый комплекс показан больным хроническим бронхитом в фазе ремиссии, имеющим выраженную электрическую нестабильность миокарда. Второй лечебный комплекс может быть назначен больным хроническим бронхитом в фазе обострения, с признаками хронического легочного сердца и сопутствующими сердечными дисритмиями