494 research outputs found
Optimal stability and instability for near-linear Hamiltonians
In this paper, we will prove a very general result of stability for
perturbations of linear integrable Hamiltonian systems, and we will construct
an example of instability showing that both our result and our example are
optimal. Moreover, in the same spirit as the notion of KAM stable integrable
Hamiltonians, we will introduce a notion of effectively stable integrable
Hamiltonians, conjecture a characterization of these Hamiltonians and show that
our result prove this conjecture in the linear case
Extending the Contextual and Organizational Elements of Adaptive Structuration Theory in GSS Research
This paper addresses the variance in findings across Group Support Systems (GSS) studies by suggesting an expanded consideration of organizational and contextual elements in Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST). We propose a model of structuring tactics at three levels of abstraction: the meeting level, activity level, and real time intervention level. We illustrate this model with three specific purposeful structuring tactics â agendas, design patterns, and micro-processes âand present related propositions. In addition to reviewing the more familiar tactics of agenda setting and group facilitation, we illustrate an approach to creating GSS value based on invoking particular social structures. We accomplish this through consideration of a design pattern language for collaboration processes drawn from the Collaboration Engineering literature. We conclude by discussing how this model of structuring tactics advances theory and practice in the GSS domain
Impact of the Agricultural Sector on the Arkansas Economy
Agriculture historically has been one of the primary sectors of the Arkansas economy. Agriculture is defined as the sum of agricultural, forestry, and fisheries production and processing activities unless otherwise specified. Not only does agriculture contribute to the economy through direct agricultural production and added value processing, it also plays an important role through the economyâs other sectors. Utilizing data from the United States Bureau of Economic Affairs and the State of Arkansas, the economic impact of agriculture on the Arkansas economy was estimated for the latest year available, 1999. Gross State Product (GSP) information for Arkansas was compared with that of other states in the southeastern U.S. to give a measure of the relative importance of agriculture in Arkansas compared with other states. The total impact of agriculture (direct, indirect, and induced effects) on added value, employment, and wage income was estimated by employing the Impact Analysis for Planning System (IMPLAN). Economic impacts of agricultural production and processing were estimated for agriculture as a whole and also separately for the crop sector, the livestock sector, and the forestry sector
Aspects of the planetary Birkhoff normal form
The discovery in [G. Pinzari. PhD thesis. Univ. Roma Tre. 2009], [L.
Chierchia and G. Pinzari, Invent. Math. 2011] of the Birkhoff normal form for
the planetary many--body problem opened new insights and hopes for the
comprehension of the dynamics of this problem. Remarkably, it allowed to give a
{\sl direct} proof of the celebrated Arnold's Theorem [V. I. Arnold. Uspehi
Math. Nauk. 1963] on the stability of planetary motions. In this paper, using a
"ad hoc" set of symplectic variables, we develop an asymptotic formula for this
normal form that may turn to be useful in applications. As an example, we
provide two very simple applications to the three-body problem: we prove a
conjecture by [V. I. Arnold. cit] on the "Kolmogorov set"of this problem and,
using Nehoro{\v{s}}ev Theory [Nehoro{\v{s}}ev. Uspehi Math. Nauk. 1977], we
prove, in the planar case, stability of all planetary actions over
exponentially-long times, provided mean--motion resonances are excluded. We
also briefly discuss perspectives and problems for full generalization of the
results in the paper.Comment: 44 pages. Keywords: Averaging Theory, Birkhoff normal form,
Nehoro{\v{s}}ev Theory, Planetary many--body problem, Arnold's Theorem on the
stability of planetary motions, Properly--degenerate kam Theory, steepness.
Revised version, including Reviewer's comments. Typos correcte
Stability transitions for axisymmetric relative equilibria of Euclidean symmetric Hamiltonian systems
In the presence of noncompact symmetry, the stability of relative equilibria
under momentum-preserving perturbations does not generally imply robust
stability under momentum-changing perturbations. For axisymmetric relative
equilibria of Hamiltonian systems with Euclidean symmetry, we investigate
different mechanisms of stability: stability by energy-momentum confinement,
KAM, and Nekhoroshev stability, and we explain the transitions between these.
We apply our results to the Kirchhoff model for the motion of an axisymmetric
underwater vehicle, and we numerically study dissipation induced instability of
KAM stable relative equilibria for this system.Comment: Minor revisions. Typographical errors correcte
Initial antimicrobial management of sepsis.
Sepsis is a common consequence of infection, associated with a mortality rate > 25%. Although community-acquired sepsis is more common, hospital-acquired infection is more lethal. The most common site of infection is the lung, followed by abdominal infection, catheter-associated blood steam infection and urinary tract infection. Gram-negative sepsis is more common than gram-positive infection, but sepsis can also be due to fungal and viral pathogens. To reduce mortality, it is necessary to give immediate, empiric, broad-spectrum therapy to those with severe sepsis and/or shock, but this approach can drive antimicrobial overuse and resistance and should be accompanied by a commitment to de-escalation and antimicrobial stewardship. Biomarkers such a procalcitonin can provide decision support for antibiotic use, and may identify patients with a low likelihood of infection, and in some settings, can guide duration of antibiotic therapy. Sepsis can involve drug-resistant pathogens, and this often necessitates consideration of newer antimicrobial agents
The structure of Organizational Virtual Social Networks
Organizational virtual social networks (OVSN) reshape social structures due to their ability to strengthen social ties, to change power relations and to enable new forms of cooperation. Research in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has led to various approaches that analyze the impact of OVSN on organizations in terms of structure and behavior. Our study aims to analyze important features related to the structure of OVSN. It also aims to strengthen a network approach to analyze organizational phenomena such as working groups and connected individuals, as well as the impact of online networks in organizations. This study was based on the lines of approach described by Oinas-Kukkonen et al. (2010) and on the research carried out by Bobsin & Hoppen (2012) to understand the process of structuring OVSN. Our main results are an OVSN structure consisting of actors and roles, interactions, operating elements and articulating goals. We also analyzed some structural elements of networks which may contribute to the development of a network based approach to study organizational phenomena
Continuation of the exponentially small transversality for the splitting of separatrices to a whiskered torus with silver ratio
We study the exponentially small splitting of invariant manifolds of
whiskered (hyperbolic) tori with two fast frequencies in nearly-integrable
Hamiltonian systems whose hyperbolic part is given by a pendulum. We consider a
torus whose frequency ratio is the silver number . We show
that the Poincar\'e-Melnikov method can be applied to establish the existence
of 4 transverse homoclinic orbits to the whiskered torus, and provide
asymptotic estimates for the tranversality of the splitting whose dependence on
the perturbation parameter satisfies a periodicity property. We
also prove the continuation of the transversality of the homoclinic orbits for
all the sufficiently small values of , generalizing the results
previously known for the golden number.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
Bacterial adherence to mucosal epithelium in the upper airways has less significance than believed
BACKGROUND: Bacterial adherence to the upper airway epithelium is considered to be an important phenomenon in the pathogenesis of infections. However, the evidence for the hypothesis that bacterial adherence to mucosal epithelial cells has significance for pathogenesis of mucosal infections is based on studies using indirect techniques. We could find no biopsy studies with direct ocular observations of significant numbers of bacteria adhering to upper airway mucosal epithelial cells either in health or during disease. RESULTS: We studied specimens from healthy and infected tonsillar epithelium and specimens from the soft palate epithelium obtained by surgery. The specimens were examined by TEM. In the vast majority of specimens, we found no bacteria adhering to the epithelial cells in the mucosal line regardless of whether the patient was infected or not. Bacteria adhering to shed epithelial cells were seen in higher numbers. Furthermore, as bacteria are small compared to epithelial cells, we calculated the risk of overlooking every adhered bacteria in a section if bacterial adherence was such a significant phenomenon as earlier suggested. We found this risk to be very small. CONCLUSION: We conclude that bacterial adherence to mucosal surface epithelial cells is not a significant phenomenon, either in healthy mucosa in the upper airways or during infection. This is also in line with our earlier results, where we have shown that the site for the infectious process in pharyngotonsillitis is in the secretion on the tonsillar mucosal surface
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