Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae, Amazon region

A list of Elmidae species from Amazon is presented. The list was prepared based on a literature surveyand examination of the entomological collection of Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). The listincludes 102 species, with ten new occurrences recorded, being one for the Amazon (which includes areas ofBrazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, French Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela) three for the Amazonas state,and six for other localities in Brazil. Reports about species bibliography contents were also included, as well asavailable species municipalities distributional data

Spatial and temporal distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in a Southeastern Brazilian river.

A fauna de macroinvertebrados bentônicos é estruturada por fatores físicos e químicos que determinam os microhábitats, incluindo a disponibilidade de alimento, a existência de refúgios contra predadores e tempestades, o sucesso reprodutivo e outros parâmetros biológicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a distribuição espaço-temporal da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos na bacia do Rio Macaé, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. De acordo com o Habitat Assessment Field Data Sheet High Gradient Streams (Barbour et al., 1999), os cinco locais coletados são considerados como referência para propósito de biomonitoramento. Apesar das diferenças em parâmetros hidrográficos (largura, profundidade e vazão médias), os parâmetros físico-químicos e a composição dos grupos de alimentação funcional foram similares entre os locais, com exceção da área mais preservada, onde a porcentagem de organismos cortadores foi maior. De acordo com a análise de correspondência, há uma clara distinção entre áreas de remanso e de correnteza. De fato, o substrato folhiço de correnteza apresentou a fauna mais rica e abundante, enquanto o substrato folhiço de fundo apresentou o maior número de táxons exclusivos. A análise de agrupamento considerando os dados dos locais de coleta indicou que a variação temporal foi o fator mais importante na estruturação das comunidades nos hábitats estudados

Relation between flood pulse and functional composition of the macroinvertebrate benthic fauna in the lower Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil

In a twelve-month study carried out at the archipelago of Anavilhanas, lower Rio Negro, State of Amazonas, Brazil, the macroinvertebrate fauna was sampled from the margins of a lake (Redondo lake) permanently connected to the river. The total biomass of the macroinvertebrates sampled during this period was 9,985.5 mg (dry weight) and 19,314 specimens were collected. Decapods (52.9 %) were the most important group regarding biomass while dipterans (21.1 %), ostracods (20.0%), cladocerans (14.0 %), and oligochaetes (13.4%) were the most abundant macroinvertebrates. All taxa showed frequency variations related to the high-low water cycle of Rio Negro and the substrate at the lake margins varied in quantity as well as in composition and structure. The greatest amounts of litter occurred in the flood period, with a higher proportion of new and whole leaves. The degree of litter fragmentation increased towards the low water period. The functional structure of the macroinvertebrate community showed adaptation to the available substrate in each season. A gradient of dominance between the functional categories, related to the distance from the central area of the water body, was observed. Shredders were sampled mainly inside the "igapó" (high water period), in a similar proportion to collectors. On the other hand, collectors were clearly predominant in the dry period. Scrapers were limited to the rising and falling water periods. The same trend is probably found in all the corresponding sections of the Rio Negro

Influence of water chemistry and environmental degradation on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a river basis in south-east Brazil.

Seven sites of the Guapimirim river basin were studied during three sampling periods based on the rain regime: end of wet season (May 1998), dry season (August 1998), and wet season (January 1999). Four substrates were collected at each site: sand, stony substrates, litter in pool areas and litter in riffle areas. Relationships between macroinvertebrate assemblages, water chemistry variables and environmental degradation were examined using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). According to CCA, concentrations of dissolved oxygen and chloride, and the environmental degradation, measured by the Riparian Channel Environment index, exhibited the strongest relationship to macroinvertebrate assemblages. Overall, the loss of community diversity measured by the Shannon Index along the degradation gradient was observed. Some taxa were shown to be sensitive to water pollution, especially among Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera and some Ephemeroptera, while others such as Simuliidae, Odonata and molluscs were tolerant to moderate levels of pollutants. The Chironomidae were the only group tolerant to a high level of pollutants and degradation

Espécies de Heterópteros Dulciaquícolas (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Gerromorpha e Nepomorpha) Registradas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

A preliminary list of the species of Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha from Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, is presented. The list, which was prepared with basis on a careful survey of the literature and examination collections, includes 37 semiaquatic and 76 water bug species, totalizing 113 recorded species. The available data on the distribution of each species within the state (municipalities) are given. Most of the recorded species are from the now heavily fragmented Atlantic Forest of Brazil.Uma lista preliminar das espécies de Gerromorpha e Nepomorpha no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil, é apresentada. A lista, preparada a partir de cuidadoso estudo da literatura e exame de coleções, inclui 113 espécies de percevejos dulciaquícolas, 37 de gerromorfos e 76 de nepomorfos. As informações disponíveis sobre a distribuição de cada espécie no estado (municípios) são fornecidas. A maior parte das espécies registradas é proveniente da Mata Atlântica brasileira, que hoje encontra-se muito fragmentada