Neutrino telescopes under the ocean: The case for ANTARES

Neutrino telescopes offer an alternative way to explore the Universe. Several projects are in operation or under construction. A detector under the ocean is very promising because of the very accurate angular resolution that it provides. The ANTARES project is intended to demonstrate the feasibilty of such a detector.Comment: Talk given at the Neutrino98 conference, Takayama, Japan, June 4-9, 199

UHE neutrino damping in a thermal gas of relic neutrinos

We present a calculation of the damping of an ultra-energetic (UHE) cosmic neutrino travelling through the thermal gas of relic neutrinos, using the formalism of finite-temperature field theory. From the self-energy diagram due to Z exchange, we obtain the annihilation cross section for an UHE neutrino interacting with an antineutrino from the background. This method allows us to derive the full expressions for the UHE neutrino transmission probability, taking into account the momentum of relic neutrinos. We compare our results with the approximations in use in the literature. We discuss the effect of thermal motion on the shape of the absorption dips for different UHE neutrino fluxes as well as in the context of relic neutrino clustering. We find that for ratios of the neutrino mass to the relic background temperature $10^2$ or smaller, the thermal broadening of the absorption lines could significantly affect the determination of the neutrino mass and of the characteristics of the population of UHE sources.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures. Typos corrected. More accurate treatment of the interaction with relic neutrino clusters. Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic

Thermal effects on the absorption of ultra-high energy neutrinos by the cosmic neutrino background

We use the formalism of finite-temperature field theory to study the interactions of ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos with the background of relic neutrinos and to derive general expressions for the UHE neutrino transmission probability. This approach allows us to take into account the thermal effects introduced by the momentum distribution of the relic neutrinos. We compare our results with the approximate expressions existing in the literature and discuss the influence of thermal effects on the absorption dips in the context of favoured neutrino mass schemes, as well as in the case of clustered relic neutrinos.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures. Prepared for the Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2005), Zaragoza (Spain), September 10-14, 200

Tunability of Critical Casimir Interactions by Boundary Conditions

We experimentally demonstrate that critical Casimir forces in colloidal systems can be continuously tuned by the choice of boundary conditions. The interaction potential of a colloidal particle in a mixture of water and 2,6-lutidine has been measured above a substrate with a gradient in its preferential adsorption properties for the mixture's components. We find that the interaction potentials at constant temperature but different positions relative to the gradient continuously change from attraction to repulsion. This demonstrates that critical Casimir forces respond not only to minute temperature changes but also to small changes in the surface properties.Comment: 4 figures; http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0295-5075/88/2/26001/epl_88_2_26001.htm

The Offline Software Framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to unveil the nature and the origins of the highest energy cosmic rays. The large and geographically dispersed collaboration of physicists and the wide-ranging collection of simulation and reconstruction tasks pose some special challenges for the offline analysis software. We have designed and implemented a general purpose framework which allows collaborators to contribute algorithms and sequencing instructions to build up the variety of applications they require. The framework includes machinery to manage these user codes, to organize the abundance of user-contributed configuration files, to facilitate multi-format file handling, and to provide access to event and time-dependent detector information which can reside in various data sources. A number of utilities are also provided, including a novel geometry package which allows manipulation of abstract geometrical objects independent of coordinate system choice. The framework is implemented in C++, and takes advantage of object oriented design and common open source tools, while keeping the user side simple enough for C++ novices to learn in a reasonable time. The distribution system incorporates unit and acceptance testing in order to support rapid development of both the core framework and contributed user code.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, presented at IEEE NSS/MIC, 23-29 October 2005, Puerto Ric

Normal and lateral critical Casimir forces between colloids and patterned substrates

We study the normal and lateral effective critical Casimir forces acting on a spherical colloid immersed in a critical binary solvent and close to a chemically structured substrate with alternating adsorption preference. We calculate the universal scaling function for the corresponding potential and compare our results with recent experimental data [Soyka F., Zvyagolskaya O., Hertlein C., Helden L., and Bechinger C., Phys. Rev. Lett., 101, 208301 (2008)]. The experimental potentials are properly captured by our predictions only by accounting for geometrical details of the substrate pattern for which, according to our theory, critical Casimir forces turn out to be a sensitive probe.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure