Interdisciplinary Study of Combating Hybrid Threats

NPS NRP Project PosterOur nation and allies are coming under increased attack by states and non-state actors who seek to exploit our vulnerabilities through employ non-attributable actions below the threshold of war in order to weaken our competitive advantage across all domains, steal intellectual property, or undermine the cohesiveness of our alliances. These hybrid threats can be in the form of hacking networks, cyber-attacks against critical infrastructure, disinformation campaigns, electoral interference, etc. These unconventional actions cannot be responsibly answered with conventional military forces and thus require a new set of response options. This research seeks to answer three broad questions on hybrid threats: what are the current hybrid threat challenges, how should we respond, and what do we need in order to execute such a response? The answers to these questions will achieve the main objectives of this research. First, arrive at a common understanding on the concept of hybrid threats. Second, develop an analytical framework to support designing actions to address and combat hybrid threats. Lastly, identify key issues and capability gaps for further research. The research methodology will begin with understanding the current depth of knowledge on hybrid threats, then developing case states to expand this knowledge, and lastly developing an analytical framework to combat hybrid threats. The analytical framework will help assess the actor, domain(s), methods, and desired intentions and objectives.N7 - Warfighting DevelopmentThis research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Interdisciplinary Study of Combating Hybrid Threats

NPS NRP Executive SummaryOur nation and allies are coming under increased attack by states and non-state actors who seek to exploit our vulnerabilities through employ non-attributable actions below the threshold of war in order to weaken our competitive advantage across all domains, steal intellectual property, or undermine the cohesiveness of our alliances. These hybrid threats can be in the form of hacking networks, cyber-attacks against critical infrastructure, disinformation campaigns, electoral interference, etc. These unconventional actions cannot be responsibly answered with conventional military forces and thus require a new set of response options. This research seeks to answer three broad questions on hybrid threats: what are the current hybrid threat challenges, how should we respond, and what do we need in order to execute such a response? The answers to these questions will achieve the main objectives of this research. First, arrive at a common understanding on the concept of hybrid threats. Second, develop an analytical framework to support designing actions to address and combat hybrid threats. Lastly, identify key issues and capability gaps for further research. The research methodology will begin with understanding the current depth of knowledge on hybrid threats, then developing case states to expand this knowledge, and lastly developing an analytical framework to combat hybrid threats. The analytical framework will help assess the actor, domain(s), methods, and desired intentions and objectives.N7 - Warfighting DevelopmentThis research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПРОЧНОСТИ ГРАНУЛ ЧЕРНОВОГО МЕДНО-МОЛИБДЕНОВОГО КОНЦЕНТРАТА МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ «ТАСТАУ»

Using mathematical planning of experiments, the results of studies concerned with the static strength of crude copper and molybdenum concentrate pellets from the «Tastau» deposit have been obtained; the concentrate is granulated in lignosulfonate solution (spent sulfite-alcohol liquor ρ = 1,05 g/cm3). The effect of temperature, drying time, air flow, and grain size on the examined characteristics has been studied. An energy-stohastic model of the static strength of concentrate granules is developed. It is found the height of layer when filling in different bins for average granule diameter of 8 mm must not exceed 12 m.Приведены результаты исследования статической прочности окатышей чернового медно-молибденового концентрата месторождения «Тастау», гранулированного на растворе лигносульфонатов (сульфит-спиртовая барда с ρ = 1,05 г/см3), с использованием метода математического планирования эксперимента. Изучено влияние температуры, продолжительности сушки, расхода воздуха и размера гранул на изучаемые характеристики. Получена энергостохастическая модель статической прочности гранул концентрата. Установлено, что высота слоя при заполнении в различные бункеры для среднего диаметра гранул 8 мм не должна превышать 12 м.

Dendroclimatic transfer functions revisited : Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period summer temperatures reconstructed using artificial neural networks and linear algorithms

Peer reviewe

The effectiveness of active medical rehabilitation technologies among Paralympians engaged in playing sports

The purpose of the study: to study the effectiveness of active medical rehabilitation technologies among Paralympians engaged in playing sports.Materials and methods: examined 48 male patients aged 25.9 ± 2.1 years with traumatic disease of the lumbar spinal cord. All examined were divided into 2 groups: patients of the main group (19 people) against the background of standard therapy received a course of active medical rehabilitation (AMR), including mechanotherapy and electrical stimulation with biofeedback under the control of electromyography (EMG) of the muscles of the lower extremities and back. Patients in the comparison group (29 people) received standard therapy. After the AMR course, a comprehensive examination was performed, including the data of the questionnaires: the ASIA classification (American Spinal Injury Association), the FIM (Functional Independence Measure) scale of functional independence, the modified functional assessment scale of activity and quality of life VFM (Valutazione Funzionale Mielolesi), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck depression scale; electroneurophysiological studies on the Neurosoft Neuro-EMG-Micro device, heart rate variability (HRV) on the Neurosoft Poly-Spectrum computer electrocardiograph, indicators of free movement with concentric and eccentric muscle contractions on EN-TreeM.Results: polysympathetic reflex excitability (PRV) significantly decreased in patients of the main group. There was also an improvement in vegetative reactivity (coefficient 30/15 is 1.45; p <0.001) during the orthostatic test, indicating normalization of parasympathetic regulation and heart rate. The assessment on the ASIA scale revealed an improvement in sensory function by 13.4 % and motor function by 17.4 %. On the VFM scale, an increase in indicators was observed by 14.7 % and on the FIM scale by 11.5 %. When assessing the psycho-emotional sphere on the Spielberger-Khanin scale, a significant decrease in the level of reactive anxiety was noted by 10.9 %, and the level of depression by 30.5 %. A significant increase in muscle strength by 18.1 % (p < 0.001) was also observed during concentric contractions, the average power increased by 83.1 % (p < 0.001), the average amplitude increased by 68.7 % (p < 0.001), the average speed by 27.2 % (p=0.002). When analyzing the indicators after the treatment, significant differences were obtained between the main and the comparison group (p < 0.001).Conclusion: the use of biofeedback technologies under the control of electromyography leads to an increase in the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation and improves the quality of life in Paralympians with traumatic spinal cord disease

Parameters of single and summated contractions of skeletal muscles in vivo and in vitro

It is well known that modern non-invasive methods for registration of functional activity of skeletal muscles in vivo due to technical reasons reflect amplitude and temporal parameters of muscle contractions not better than in vitro approaches The aim of present study is to register and compare parameters of single and tetanic contractions of different types of skeletal muscles of warm-blooded animals in vitro and under minimally invasive surgery in vivo. It was found that single muscle contractions in vitro and in vivo indistinguishably close to each other, whereas frequency of tetanus fusion and waveform of tetanic contractions are different

MODERN METHODS OF LABORATORY RESEARCHES IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF YERSINIOSES IN NOVOSIBIRSK REGION. QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM

The results of yersinioses microbiological monitoring in Novosibirsk Region are presented and introduction of a quality management system in activities of a laboratory of especially dangerous infections is experienced

Клиническое наблюдение ребенка с сочетанной генетической патологией: муковисцидозом и лице-лопаточно-плечевой прогрессирующей миодистрофией

The article presents a rare case of a child with a laboratory confirmed combination of several inherited diseases: cystic fibrosis (mutations F508del and E92K) and facioscapulohumeral progressive muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Through the example of the case authors describe the clinical findings of the infantile form of FSHD and the results of prolonged patient’s follow-up. Own clinical data are compared to the literature review. There is also a discussion about genetic heterogeneity of FSHD and complex rehabilitation approaches in case of associated genetic pathology.В статье представлено описание редкого клинического наблюдения ребенка с сочетанной подтвержденной наследственной патологией: муковисцидозом (мутации F508del и Е92К) и лице-лопаточно-плечевой миодистрофией (ЛЛПМ) (мозаичная делеция 4q35 хромосомы). На примере описываемого случая представлена клиническая картина инфантильной формы ЛЛПМ, приведены результаты катамнестического наблюдения пациентки. Собственные клинические наблюдения сопоставлены с данными литературы о ЛЛПМ, обсужден вопрос генетической гетерогенности ЛЛПМ. Также рассматривается необходимость мультидисциплинарного подхода при реабилитации и лечении подобных пациентов в условиях сопутствующей наследственной патологии

Changes in the parameters of free radical fluid oxidation in young people with chronic gastroduodenitis, depending on the duration of the underlying disease

The article presents the results of chemiluminescence of oral fluid in 155 patients of young age (from 19 to 25 years) with chronic gastroduodenitis. Depending on the duration of chronic gastroduodenitis, changes in the luminous sum of radiation and its maximum value in these patients were revealed. The relationship between the chemiluminescence of the oral fluid and the degree of inflammation of the gastroduodenal zone was determined.В статье приведены результаты хемилюминесценции ротовой жидкости 155 пациентов молодого возраста (от 19 до 25 лет) с хроническим гастродуоденитом. В зависимости от длительности хронического гастродуоденита выявлена изменения в показателях светосуммы излучения и ее максимального значения у данных пациентов. определена взаимосвязь между хемилюминесценцией ротовой жидкости и степенью воспаления гастродуоденальной зоны