26,447 research outputs found
Atmospheric composition of weak G band stars: CNO and Li abundances
We determined the chemical composition of a large sample of weak G band stars
-- a rare class of G and K giants of intermediate mass with unusual abundances
of C, N, and Li. We have observed 24 weak G band stars with the 2.7 m Harlan J.
Smith Telescope at the McDonald Observatory and derived spectroscopic
abundances for C, N, O, and Li, as well as for selected elements from Na - Eu.
The results show that the atmospheres of weak G band stars are highly
contaminated with CN-cycle products. The C underabundance is about a factor of
20 larger than for normal giants and the C/C ratio approaches the
CN-cycle equilibrium value. In addition to the striking CN-cycle signature the
strong N overabundance may indicate the presence of partially ON-cycled
material in the atmospheres of the weak G band stars. The exact mechanism
responsible for the transport of the elements to the surface has yet to be
identified but could be induced by rapid rotation of the main sequence
progenitors of the stars. The unusually high Li abundances in some of the stars
are an indicator for Li production by the Cameron-Fowler mechanism. A
quantitative prediction of a weak G band star's Li abundance is complicated by
the strong temperature sensitivity of the mechanism and its participants. In
addition to the unusual abundances of CN-cycle elements and Li we find an
overabundance of Na that is in accordance with the NeNa chain running in
parallel with the CN-cycle. Apart from these peculiarities the element
abundances in a weak G band star's atmosphere are consistent with those of
normal giants.Comment: 18 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Carbon and Oxygen abundances across the Hertzsprung gap
We derived atmospheric parameters and spectroscopic abundances for C and O
for a large sample of stars located in the Hertzsprung gap in the
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram in order to detect chemical peculiarities and get a
comprehensive overview of the population of stars in this evolutionary state.
We have observed and analyzed high resolution spectra (R = 60 000) of 188 stars
in the mass range 2 - 5 Msun with the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope at the
McDonald Observatory including 28 stars previously identified as Am/Ap stars.
We find that the C and O abundances of the majority of stars in the Hertzsprung
gap are in accordance with abundances derived for local lower mass dwarfs but
detect expected peculiarities for the Am/Ap stars. The C and O abundances of
stars with Teff < 6500 K are slightly lower than for the hotter objects but the
C/O ratio is constant in the analyzed temperature domain. No indication of an
alteration of the C and O abundances of the stars by mixing during the
evolution across the Hertzsprung gap could be found before the homogenization
of their atmospheres by the first dredge-up.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
High-resolution spectroscopy of V854 Cen in decline - Absorption and emission lines of C_2 molecules
High-resolution optical spectra of the R Coronae Borealis (RBC) star V854
Centauri in the early stages of a decline show, in addition to the features
reported for other RCBs in decline, narrow absorption lines from the C_2
Phillips system. The low rotational temperature, T_rot = 1150K, of the C_2
ground electronic state suggests the cold gas is associated with the developing
shroud of carbon dust. These absorption lines were not seen at a fainter
magnitude on the rise from minimum light nor at maximum light. This is the
first detection of cold gas around a RCB star.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication by Monthly Notices of
the Royal Society of Astronom
Quantum Resonances of Weakly Linked, Mesoscopic, Superconducting Dots
We examine quantum properties of mesoscopic, Josephson coupled
superconducting dots, in the limit that charging effects and quantization of
energy levels within the dots are negligible, but quasi-particle transmission
into the weak link is not. We demonstrate that quasi-particle resonances lead
to current-phase relations, which deviate markedly from those of weak links
connecting macroscopic superconductors. Results for the steady state dc
Josephson current of two coupled dots are presented.Comment: Tex, 3 figures available on request to [email protected] (Andy
Martin
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