Femtosecond Laser Micro/nano Machining on Metallic and Semiconductor Materials

Formation of ripples or laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on semiconductor material like Silicon (Si) and on metals like Aluminum (Al) and Copper (Cu) and fabrication Silver (Ag) nanostructures in polymer matrix by femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing are reported in this paper. Laser irradiation was performed at normal incidence in air using linearly polarized Ti:Sapphire fs laser pulses of ~ 110 fs pulse duration and ~ 800 nm wavelength. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) is utilized for imaging surface morphologies of laser written structures, revealing that surface morphology depends on various material processing parameters like laser fluence, polarization, material properties and number of applied pulses. Formation of polymer capped Ag nanoparticles inside the laser written microstructures is confirmed by the appearance of surface plasmon absorption band at 448 nm in the UV-Vis extinction spectrum. Nanoparticles formed were spherical in shape with an average particle size less than 20 nm. This technique is efficient, universal, cost-effective, and environmental friendly, which has potential applications in the fabrication of micro/nanostructures on variety of materials for microelectromechanical systems, nanoelectronics and nanophotonics

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: AN INCLUSIVE REVIEW ON CURRENT TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication which occurs due to diabetes mellitus leading to loss of vision and hindering the quality of patient life by damaging the layer of retina at the posterior segment of the eye. According to the survey around 285 million peoples are suffering from visual loss out of these 65% of people are more than 50 years old and 82% of blind patients are more than 50 years old. The diseases that occur in the posterior segment of the eye like, cytomegalovirus retinitis, posterior uveitis, age related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy needs a novel delivery system that can improve the concentration of drugs that reaches posterior segment of the eye. The development of new drug delivery system gained more importance in the field of research in which nanotechnology is the most considered approach. The nanotechnology-based systems such as nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, niosomes, nanomicelles, nanoemulsions, nanogels, cyclodextrins, dendrimers, and quantum dots are developed as a new formulation for drug delivery. The rationale behind the nanoparticle systems is its ability to formulate a sustained, controlled release dosage form, painless, safe, non-invasive system to overcome the major barriers in the treatment of DR. Based on the nanoparticles, some approaches are exploited for more effective conveyance of drug toward the posterior segment. Thus, these advanced delivery systems progress the therapeutic efficacy of the drug and patient's obedience and life quality. In this review, the new therapeutic treatments and their managements were discussed and methods of drug delivery to reach the posterior segment of eye

A rare case of early onset intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is an important complication of pregnancy requiring increased surveillance by the obstetricians due to its increased foetal morbidity and mortality in the form of preterm birth, foetal distress, RDS including sudden IUD and stillbirth. The incidence of ICP is increasing due to IVF and routine administration of progesterone in early pregnancy. ICP usually presents in late second and third trimester. Here authors are presenting a case of early onset ICP (14 weeks) which developed in an IVF conception.

An Optimal Energy Management System for PV/Battery Standalone System

This paper presents an optimal energy management for PV/battery stand-alone system. The system comprises photovoltaic array, battery, inverter and AC loads. PV array is an uncontrollable source due to the variations in irradiations and temperature. To deliver the highest point to the load a maximum power point tracking technique is used. In synchronization with battery bank the system becomes controllable. Modes of operation of the system are defined by the battery bank. Modes of operation are based on the difference between supply and load demand. This paper project proposes an optimal energy management strategy to improve the performance of the PV system. The anticipated system performance is evaluated for varying loads in MATLAB/simulink

Evaluation of screening efficacy of IL6, IL8, CRP and salivary progesterone in predicting preterm pregnancy

Background: According to WHO preterm birth defined as births occurring before completion of 37 weeks, in a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks of gestation. As reported by W.H. O preterm birth has incidence of about 9.6% of all the live births, preterm births have high neonatal morbidity and mortality. In this review we look at association between CRP, IL6, IL8 and salivary progesterone in predicting the preterm delivery. Methods: A hospital based prospective study to be conducted in a group of 100 women of 20- 24 weeks of gestation, they were analysed for IL6, IL8, CRP and salivary progesterone and followed them till delivery. Results: On assessment of the biomarkers to predict the preterm and term pregnancy, we assessed for the blood level of CRP, IL6, IL8 and salivary progesterone among the pregnant women at 20-24 weeks of gestation and followed till the pregnancy outcomes. Among which 46% were with preterm pregnancy and 54% with term pregnancy during delivery. Among them, 20% had the previous preterm pregnancy and 80% were not. We found 70% with normal vaginal delivery, 24% with emergency LSCS and 6% with elective LSCS. Conclusions: The present study documented the significant higher efficacy of IL6, IL8, CRP and salivary progesterone in predicting the preterm pregnancy. Progesterone levels in the saliva was markedly lower among the pregnancy with preterm delivery compared to term delivery outcome. The fetal outcome among the preterm delivery was significantly with morbidity and mortality compared to term delivery. The ROC curve showed the estimation of IL6, IL8, CRP and salivary progesterone at 20-24 weeks of gestation can predict the outcome of preterm pregnancy

Femtosecond Laser Micro/nano Machining on Metallic and Semiconductor Materials

Formation of ripples or laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on semiconductor material like Silicon (Si) and on metals like Aluminum (Al) and Copper (Cu) and fabrication Silver (Ag) nanostructures in polymer matrix by femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing are reported in this paper. Laser irradiation was performed at normal incidence in air using linearly polarized Ti:Sapphire fs laser pulses of ~ 110 fs pulse duration and ~ 800 nm wavelength. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) is utilized for imaging surface morphologies of laser written structures, revealing that surface morphology depends on various material processing parameters like laser fluence, polarization, material properties and number of applied pulses. Formation of polymer capped Ag nanoparticles inside the laser written microstructures is confirmed by the appearance of surface plasmon absorption band at 448 nm in the UV-Vis extinction spectrum. Nanoparticles formed were spherical in shape with an average particle size less than 20 nm. This technique is efficient, universal, cost-effective, and environmental friendly, which has potential applications in the fabrication of micro/nanostructures on variety of materials for microelectromechanical systems, nanoelectronics and nanophotonics

Parental affect profiles predict child emotion regulation and classroom adjustment in families experiencing homelessness

Parenting shapes the development of emotion regulation skills in early childhood, laying a key foundation for social-emotional adjustment. Unfortunately, high adversity exposure may disrupt parental emotion socialization practices and children\u27s regulatory development. The current study used variable- and person-centered approaches to evaluate links among parental emotion expressiveness, children\u27s observed emotion regulation, and teacher-reported adjustment among 214 4- to 6-year-old children experiencing homelessness, an indicator of high cumulative risk and acute adversity. Structured parent-child interaction tasks were recorded on site in emergency shelters over the summer and micro-socially coded for parent and child expressions of anger, positive affect, and internalizing distress. We anticipated that parental modeling of predominantly negative emotion expression would be associated with more child dysregulation during parent-child interaction and worse adjustment at school, as reported by teachers the following school year. Preliminary analyses indicated that children\u27s observed difficulty downregulating anger was associated robustly with teacher-reported social-behavioral problems. Latent profile analysis was used to identify three patterns of parental emotion expression characterized by above-average expression of positive affect, internalizing distress, and anger. Parents’ likelihood of membership in the elevated anger profile significantly predicted children\u27s observed difficulty down-regulating anger and higher social-behavioral problems at school. In addition to ongoing efforts to reduce poverty-related risk, supporting adaptive anger regulation in parents and young children may be important for enhancing resilience among families experiencing homelessness and similar conditions of high cumulative risk

A new bifunctional catalyst for tandem Heck-asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins

A new bifunctional catalyst consisting of active palladium and osmium species anchored on silica gel through a mercaptopropyl spacer and a cinchona alkaloid respectively has been prepared for the first time and used in the heterogeneous tandem Heck-asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins to afford diols with excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses (ee's) in presence of N-methylmorpholine Noxide or K3Fe(CN)6 as cooxidants

A compact structured light based otoscope for three dimensional imaging of the tympanic membrane

Three dimensional (3D) imaging of the tympanic membrane (TM) has been carried out using a traditional otoscope equipped with a high-definition webcam, a portable projector and a telecentric optical system. The device allows us to project fringe patterns on the TM and the magnified image is processed using phase shifting algorithms to arrive at a 3D description of the TM. Obtaining a 3D image of the TM can aid in the diagnosis of ear infections such as otitis media with effusion, which is essentially fluid build-up in the middle ear. The high resolution of this device makes it possible examine a computer generated 3D profile for abnormalities in the shape of the eardrum. This adds an additional dimension to the image that can be obtained from a traditional otoscope by allowing visualization of the TM from different perspectives. In this paper, we present the design and construction of this device and details of the imaging processing for recovering the 3D profile of the subject under test. The design of the otoscope is similar to that of the traditional device making it ergonomically compatible and easy to adopt in clinical practice

IMPACT OF NOISE, OTHER AIR POLLUTANTS AND METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS ON MENTAL HEALTH ADMISSIONS IN HOSPITAL

A few environmental components, including air contamination, noise in populated regions, and meteorological-type factors, may have huge effect on human health. These factors might impact the ascent in crisis hospital confirmations because of these variables, since a few examinations lately have demonstrated the connection between different mental sicknesses and these conditions. It is conceivable that the elevated degrees of air contamination are to be faulted for the developing mental health issues among the metropolitan populace in arising countries. It is unprecedented to find enormous scope exact investigations that investigate this case on a public level. To check this suspicion, we fabricated an everyday mental health metric using the amount of mental-health-related look on Baidu, the greatest web crawler in China. Our examination shows that openness to air contamination for a more drawn out timeframe impacts individuals' mental health. Men, people in their center years, and the individuals who are hitched are more vulnerable to the pessimistic impacts of air contamination on mental health, as per heterogeneity examinations.