Theory of Thermal Remagnetization of Permanent Magnets

A self-consistent mean-field theory explaining the thermal remagnetization (TR) of polycrystalline permanent magnets is given. The influence of the environment of a grain is treated by an inclusion approximation, relating the field inside the grain to the local field outside by means of an internal demagnetization factor $n$. For the switching fields and the fluctuations of the local fields around the mean field Gaussian distributions of widths \sigmas and \sigmaf resp. are assumed. The isothermal hysteresis curve, the recoil curves, and the TR in dependence on the model parameters $n$, \sigmas, and \sigmaf are calculated. Furthermore, the influence of the initial temperature and the strong dependence of the TR on the demagnetization factor of the sample are studied, and it is shown that for reasonable parameter sets TR effects up to 100 % are possible. The theoretical results correspond well with the experimental situation.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures, Latex2e, accepted for publication in JMM

Pentaquark state in pole-dominated QCD sum rules

We propose a new approach in QCD sum rules applied for exotic hadrons with a number of quarks, exemplifying the pentaquark Theta^{+} (I=0,J=1/2) in the Borel sum rule. Our approach enables reliable extraction of the pentaquark properties from the sum rule with good stability in a remarkably wide Borel window. The appearance of its valid window originates from a favorable setup of the correlation functions with the aid of it chirality of the interpolating fields on the analogy of the Weinberg sum rule for the vector currents. Our setup leads to large suppression of the continuum contributions which have spoiled the Borel stability in the previous analyses, and consequently enhances importance of the higher-dimensional contributions of the OPE, which are indispensable for investigating the pentaquark properties. Implementing the OPE analysis up to dimension 15, we find that the sum rules for the chiral-even and odd parts independently give the Theta^{+} mass of 1.68 pm 0.22 GeV with uncertainties of the condensate values. Our sum rule indeed gives rather flat Borel curves almost independent of the continuum thresholds both for the mass and pole residue. Finally, we also discuss possible isolation of the observed states from the KN scattering state on view of chiral symmetry.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Struggle, Aspiration, and Obsession: The Discourse of Diet

Research has shown that members of society are generally dissatisfied with their current weight. This study examines how individuals socially construct meanings of the word diet and the dieting process. Participants (n=443) were males and females who ranged in age from 7 to 68. Each were given a diet questionnaire to complete. The older groups were given the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scale in addition to the survey. The text for analysis was obtained by the surveys and four focus groups. The resulting data indicated that both males and females perceive the word diet means to lose weight. Thematic analysis of the transcripts disclosed three themes to be conclusive of the research: diet as a struggle, aspirations for change, and control versus obsession. This information can be compared to other studies concerning ritualistic social behavior and/or eating disorders

Electrical Activity of the Invertebrate Eye in Response to Illumination

Definite electrical changes can be detected in the eyes of many animals in response to illumination of the eyes. In the vertebrate eye these changes take the form of characteristic electrical variations known successively as the a-, b-, c-, and d-waves. Similar waves can be elicited from the compound eyes of a number of invertebrates. The simplest method of studying these electrical changes in invertebrates is to lead off by silver-silver chloride electrodes from fluid-filled chambers built around each eye. One eye is illuminated while the second eye is kept in darkness. The electrical potentials are amplified by means of a vacuum tube amplifier and are then recorded by means of a cathode ray oscillograph and moving film camera

Electrical Activity of the Invertebrate Eye in Response to Illumination

Definite electrical changes can be detected in the eyes of many animals in response to illumination of the eyes. In the vertebrate eye these changes take the form of characteristic electrical variations known successively as the a-, b-, c-, and d-waves. Similar waves can be elicited from the compound eyes of a number of invertebrates. The simplest method of studying these electrical changes in invertebrates is to lead off by silver-silver chloride electrodes from fluid-filled chambers built around each eye. One eye is illuminated while the second eye is kept in darkness. The electrical potentials are amplified by means of a vacuum tube amplifier and are then recorded by means of a cathode ray oscillograph and moving film camera

Electrical Activity of the Invertebrate Eye in Response to Illumination

Definite electrical changes can be detected in the eyes of many animals in response to illumination of the eyes. In the vertebrate eye these changes take the form of characteristic electrical variations known successively as the a-, b-, c-, and d-waves. Similar waves can be elicited from the compound eyes of a number of invertebrates. The simplest method of studying these electrical changes in invertebrates is to lead off by silver-silver chloride electrodes from fluid-filled chambers built around each eye. One eye is illuminated while the second eye is kept in darkness. The electrical potentials are amplified by means of a vacuum tube amplifier and are then recorded by means of a cathode ray oscillograph and moving film camera

Electrical Activity of the Invertebrate Eye in Response to Illumination

Definite electrical changes can be detected in the eyes of many animals in response to illumination of the eyes. In the vertebrate eye these changes take the form of characteristic electrical variations known successively as the a-, b-, c-, and d-waves. Similar waves can be elicited from the compound eyes of a number of invertebrates. The simplest method of studying these electrical changes in invertebrates is to lead off by silver-silver chloride electrodes from fluid-filled chambers built around each eye. One eye is illuminated while the second eye is kept in darkness. The electrical potentials are amplified by means of a vacuum tube amplifier and are then recorded by means of a cathode ray oscillograph and moving film camera

Observation of Colonial Peritrichs (Ciliata; Protoza) of the Okoboji Region

The family Epistylidae includes those peritrichous ciliates with non-contractile stalks, either solitary or forming large colonies with dichotomous stalks; the individuals are cylindrical, inverted bell-shape, or ovoid. The organisms are attached to aquatic animals, and occasionally to plants. The most recent and complete key to this family is that of Kahl (1935). The majority of species described in this paper are found attached to the carapace and plastron of Chrysemys marginata bellii (Western Painted Turtle). These species may be found also on the Snapping Turtle, or, rarely, attached to some of the filamentous algae on these animals. Other hosts for members of this group at Okoboji are Chironomus larvae and Cyclops. The species found in this survey are members of two genera: Epistylus and Opercularia. They are distinguishable from each other by the presence of a collar around the peristome in the genus Epistylus and its absence in Opercularia

Paraperanema longicauda, n. g., n. sp. (Protozoa; Euglenida; Peranemidae)

The flagellate family Peranemidae contains a number of genera which are characterized by the fact that in locomotion the flagellum is held straight anteriorly for about two-thirds of its length and beats only near the tip, thereby giving rise to a smooth gliding or creeping motion of the organism without rotation or gyration. This type of locomotion is readily noted in the common type genus Peranema. Other characteristics of the genera ordinarily placed in the family are varied (review, Jahn, 1946). Some genera have a rigid body; others are plastic. Some have one or more rod-like structures, the so-called pharyngeal rods in the region of the gullet; others do not. Some are holozoic; others are saprozoic. There are even two genera (Distigma and Sphenomonas) ordinarily placed in the family in which the flagellum is not held directly anterior during locomotion. However, this type of flagella activity has not been described in other orders of flagellates, and any flagellate possessing such activity may, at least for the present, be assigned to the family