Electrochemical sensor for blood deoxyribonucleases: Design and application to the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis

We designed an electrochemical sensor based on a carbon nanotube modified electrode (ME) to analyze DNA-cleaving activity. The cleavage of high molecular weight DNA resulted in an increase in the oxidation current from DNA guanine nucleotides due to a change in DNA adsorptive behavior on the surface of the ME. DNA digestion with DNAse I was accompanied by a linear increase in the DNA signal in proportion to the enzyme activity. We then proposed an assay based on the sensor for the direct assessment of the total deoxyribonuclease activity of blood serum as well as the separate detection of DNAse I and DNA abzymes. The assay was applied to analyze deoxyribonucleases in sera from 21 healthy donors and 17 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Our results show that the response of the sensor to DNA cleavage by blood deoxyribonucleases is a promising diagnostic criterion for autoimmune thyroiditis. This sensor can be implemented in a disposable screen-printed electrode format for application in clinical laboratories. © 2011 Springer-Verlag

Electrochemical sensor for blood deoxyribonucleases: Design and application to the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis

We designed an electrochemical sensor based on a carbon nanotube modified electrode (ME) to analyze DNA-cleaving activity. The cleavage of high molecular weight DNA resulted in an increase in the oxidation current from DNA guanine nucleotides due to a change in DNA adsorptive behavior on the surface of the ME. DNA digestion with DNAse I was accompanied by a linear increase in the DNA signal in proportion to the enzyme activity. We then proposed an assay based on the sensor for the direct assessment of the total deoxyribonuclease activity of blood serum as well as the separate detection of DNAse I and DNA abzymes. The assay was applied to analyze deoxyribonucleases in sera from 21 healthy donors and 17 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Our results show that the response of the sensor to DNA cleavage by blood deoxyribonucleases is a promising diagnostic criterion for autoimmune thyroiditis. This sensor can be implemented in a disposable screen-printed electrode format for application in clinical laboratories. © 2011 Springer-Verlag

Electrochemical sensor for blood deoxyribonucleases: Design and application to the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis

We designed an electrochemical sensor based on a carbon nanotube modified electrode (ME) to analyze DNA-cleaving activity. The cleavage of high molecular weight DNA resulted in an increase in the oxidation current from DNA guanine nucleotides due to a change in DNA adsorptive behavior on the surface of the ME. DNA digestion with DNAse I was accompanied by a linear increase in the DNA signal in proportion to the enzyme activity. We then proposed an assay based on the sensor for the direct assessment of the total deoxyribonuclease activity of blood serum as well as the separate detection of DNAse I and DNA abzymes. The assay was applied to analyze deoxyribonucleases in sera from 21 healthy donors and 17 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Our results show that the response of the sensor to DNA cleavage by blood deoxyribonucleases is a promising diagnostic criterion for autoimmune thyroiditis. This sensor can be implemented in a disposable screen-printed electrode format for application in clinical laboratories. © 2011 Springer-Verlag

Electrochemical sensor for blood deoxyribonucleases: Design and application to the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis

We designed an electrochemical sensor based on a carbon nanotube modified electrode (ME) to analyze DNA-cleaving activity. The cleavage of high molecular weight DNA resulted in an increase in the oxidation current from DNA guanine nucleotides due to a change in DNA adsorptive behavior on the surface of the ME. DNA digestion with DNAse I was accompanied by a linear increase in the DNA signal in proportion to the enzyme activity. We then proposed an assay based on the sensor for the direct assessment of the total deoxyribonuclease activity of blood serum as well as the separate detection of DNAse I and DNA abzymes. The assay was applied to analyze deoxyribonucleases in sera from 21 healthy donors and 17 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Our results show that the response of the sensor to DNA cleavage by blood deoxyribonucleases is a promising diagnostic criterion for autoimmune thyroiditis. This sensor can be implemented in a disposable screen-printed electrode format for application in clinical laboratories. © 2011 Springer-Verlag

ЛИНГВОПОЭТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОЭЗИИ Р. МИННУЛЛИНА

Particular attention is paid to individual poetic features, as well disclosed novelty, which the poet brought into poetry of the second half of the twentieth century. Reflection of the author’s poetic vocabulary is substantiated examples, as well reflected the view of poetic form.В статье анализируются стихотворения Р. Миннуллина в плане идеи-эстетики, тематики, отдельных поэтических особенностей; выясняется новшество, которое поэт привнес в поэзию второй половины ХХ века. Изобразительные средства, использованные писателем, подтверждаются примерами

The study of pharmaceutical chemistry with the use of service Web 2.0

There was investigated the possibility of using the service Web 2.0 while carrying out a distance course on pharmaceutical chemistry. The methodology of holding Internet seminar was described, the results were analysed

The development of electronic catalogue of identity response of pharmaceutical substance

The electronic catalogue of identity response of pharmaceutical substances for pharmaceutists-analysts of chemist's shops. During the classes of further vocational education students there was held a management game with its use. The results acquired let us make a conclusion about advisability of using electronic catalogue in practical activity of specialists, dealing in the sphere of quality control of pharmaceutical substances

The development and approbation of educational-methodical informational complex «Cosmetics» for elective course with elements of distance education

The educational-methodical informational complex on pharmaceutical technology «Cosmetics» for pharmaceutical students was elaborated. The elective course with elements of distance education was carried out. The results of the experiment on conducting an elective course are described

ASSOCIATION OF IL-1β, IL-4 AND IL-6 GENES POLYMORPHISMS WITH GENETIC PREDISPOSITION FOR AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS

Abstract.  Autoimmune  thyroiditis  (Hashimoto’s  thyroiditis,  HT)  still  represents  an  unresolved  problem of modern endocrinology, since its etiology and pathogenesis are yet unclear. Cytokines play an important role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory response, therefore, some gene variants encoding them, are considered as potential risk risk factors for autoimmune thyroid diseases. We have genotyped 298 women from the Republic of Tatarstan (RT, control group, 137 persons; HT patients, 161) for the following gene polymorphisms: interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) +3953 C/T (rs 1143634); interleukin 4 (IL-4) -590C/T (rs 2243250), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) -174C/G (rs 1800795), using allele-specific PCR. The results showed a significantly increased frequencies of C allele (P  = 0.0003) and CT genotype (P  = 0.048, OR  = 6.05, 95%CI 2.59-2.97) of  +3953  C/T  of  IL-1β  in  patients  with  Hashimoto's thyroiditis, as compared with control group. The latter  group showed higher prevalence of T allele (P  = 0.0003) and TT genotype (P  = 4.95 Ч 6.10; OR  = 0.15, 95%CI 0.06-0.38). The 590C/T and -174C/G polymorphic variants in, resp., IL-4 and IL-6 genes are not associated with increased risk of this disease among women from RT. (Med. Immunol., 2011, vol. 13, N 6, pp 603-608

ASSOCIATION OF CTLA-4 AND PTPN-22 GENES POLYMORPHISMS WITH INCREASED RISK OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS IN TATAR POPULATION

The aspects of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) remain quite actual, since many issues of etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, classification, diagnostics, therapy and prediction of this disorder are far from final solution. Since disturbances of fine molecular immune mechanisms underlie pathogenesis of either immune disorder, the genes coding its main components, are regarded as potential candidate genes predisposing for AIT, e.g., genes of surface antigen (CTLA-4) and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN-22). We have performed genotyping of 298 Tatar women in Tatar Republic (Russia) with respect to age and biochemical parameters (control group, 137 persons; AIT group, 161 patients). The following gene polymorphisms were tested: +49 А/G, -318 С/Т, -1661 А/G of СТLA-4 gene, and 1858 С/Т polymorphism of PTPN-22 gene. Genotyрing was performed by PCR-RFLP method as described earlier. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test and 95% confidential interval (CI). The frequencies of CTLA-4 -1661 G allele and genotype A/G and +49 G/A G allele and genotype GG carriers were significantly higher in AIT patients than in controls (P = 0.04, OR 1.84, 95% CI 2.31-1.4; P = 0.001, OR 2,0 95% CI 1.62-2.31 respectively), with increased contents of serum antibodies to thyroglobulin (OR, 1.56, 95% CI 2.25-3.6; OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.9-2.75, respectively) and to thyroperoxidase (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.5-4.1 for G/G genotype of +49 A/G polymorphism), independently of age (р < 0,05). We showed that the combinations of A/G, T/C and G/G genotypes of -1661 A/G, -318 T/C and +49 G/A polymorphisms is associated with increased risk of genetic predisposition to ITD in Tatar women (OR 7.87, 95% CI 2.03-3.25). A strong association was also observed between the increased level of antibodies to TPO (> 1000 ME/l) and GG genotype of +49 G/A polymorphism (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.5-4.1) and antibodies to TG (> 100 ME/l) and genotypes A/G and G/G of CTLA-4 -1661 A/G and +49 G/A polymorphisms (OR 1.56, 95% CI 2.25-3.6; OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.9-2.75, respectively), independently of age. The genotypes -318 T/C and 1858 T/C of CTLA-4 and PTPN-22 genes, respectively, are not associated with AITD in Tatar women (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that polymorphisms of CTLA-4 and PTPN-22 genes may modify individual susceptibility to autoimmune thyroiditis in Tatar women