39,098 research outputs found
Resolving 3D Disk Orientation using High-Resolution Images: New Constraints on Circumgalactic Gas Inflows
We constrain gas inflow speeds in star-forming galaxies with color gradients
consistent with inside-out disk growth. Our method combines new measurements of
disk orientation with previously described circumgalactic absorption in
background quasar spectra. Two quantities, a position angle and an axis ratio,
describe the projected shape of each galactic disk on the sky, leaving an
ambiguity about which side of the minor axis is tipped toward the observer.
This degeneracy regarding the 3D orientation of disks has compromised previous
efforts to measure gas inflow speeds. We present HST and Keck/LGSAO imaging
that resolves the spiral structure in five galaxies at redshift .
We determine the sign of the disk inclination for four galaxies, under the
assumption that spiral arms trail the rotation. We project models for both
radial infall in the disk plane and circular orbits onto each quasar sightline.
We compare the resulting line-of-sight velocities to the observed velocity
range of Mg II absorption in spectra of background quasars, which intersect the
disk plane at radii between 69 and 115 kpc. For two sightlines, we constrain
the maximum radial inflow speeds as 30-40 km s. We also rule out a
velocity component from radial inflow in one sightline, suggesting that the
structures feeding gas to these growing disks do not have unity covering
factor. We recommend appropriate selection criteria for building larger samples
of galaxy--quasar pairs that produce orientations sensitive to constraining
inflow properties.Comment: 15 pages with 8 figures and 2 tables; accepted for publication in Ap
Chemisorption on a model bcc metal
The system considered here is that of a single atom with one energy level chemisorbed on the (001) surface of a model bcc metal. We present the change in the density of electronic states Δn (E) due to chemisorption for two cases: one when the adatom is bound to a single substrate atom in the "on‐site" configuration and the other when it is bound to four substrate atoms in the "centered fourfold site." In principle, this change in the density of states Δn can be related to the results of photoemission measurements
In-plane Theory of Non-Sequential Triple Ionization
We describe first-principles in-plane calculations of non-sequential triple
ionization (NSTI) of atoms in a linearly polarized intense laser pulse. In a
fully classically correlated description, all three electrons respond
dynamically to the nuclear attraction, the pairwise e-e repulsions and the
laser force throughout the duration of a 780nm laser pulse. Nonsequential
ejection is shown to occur in a multi-electron, possibly multi-cycle and
multi-dimensional, rescattering sequence that is coordinated by a number of
sharp transverse recollimation impacts.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
The effect of screening long-range Coulomb interactions on the metallic behavior in two-dimensional hole systems
We have developed a technique utilizing a double quantum well heterostructure
that allows us to study the effect of a nearby ground-plane on the metallic
behavior in a GaAs two-dimensional hole system (2DHS) in a single sample and
measurement cool-down, thereby maintaining a constant disorder potential. In
contrast to recent measurements of the effect of ground-plane screening of the
long-range Coulomb interaction in the insulating regime, we find surprisingly
little effect on the metallic behavior when we change the distance between the
2DHS and the nearby ground-plane.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PR
Iron Emission in the z=6.4 Quasar SDSS J114816.64+525150.3
We present near-infrared J and K-band spectra of the z = 6.4 quasar SDSS
J114816.64+525150.3 obtained with the NIRSPEC spectrograph at the Keck-II
telescope, covering the rest-frame spectral regions surrounding the C IV 1549
and Mg II 2800 emission lines. The iron emission blend at rest wavelength
2900-3000 A is clearly detected and its strength appears nearly
indistinguishable from that of typical quasars at lower redshifts. The Fe II /
Mg II ratio is also similar to values found for lower-redshift quasars,
demonstrating that there is no strong evolution in Fe/alpha broad-line emission
ratios even out to z=6.4. In the context of current models for iron enrichment
from Type Ia supernovae, this implies that the SN Ia progenitor stars formed at
z > 10. We apply the scaling relations of Vestergaard and of McLure & Jarvis to
estimate the black hole mass from the widths of the C IV and Mg II emission
lines and the ultraviolet continuum luminosity. The derived mass is in the
range (2-6)x10^9 solar masses, with an additional uncertainty of a factor of 3
due to the intrinsic scatter in the scaling relations. This result is in
agreement with the previous mass estimate of 3x10^9 solar masses by Willott,
McLure, & Jarvis, and supports their conclusion that the quasar is radiating
close to its Eddington luminosity.Comment: To appear in ApJ Letter
Determination of a set of constitutive equations for an al-li alloy at SPF conditions
© 2015 The Authors.Uniaxial tensile tests of aluminium-lithium alloy AA1420wereconducted at superplastic forming conditions. The mechanical properties of this Al-Li alloy were then modelled by a set of physicallybased constitutive equations. The constitutive equations describe the isotropic work hardening,recovery and damage by dislocation density changes and grain size evolution. Based on a recent upgraded optimisation technique, the material constants for these constitutive equations were determined
Outflow-Dominated Emission from the Quiescent Massive Black Holes in NGC 4621 and NGC 4697
The nearby elliptical galaxies NGC 4621 and NGC 4697 each host a supermassive
black hole with a mass more than 1e8 Solar masses. Analysis of archival Chandra
data and new NRAO Very Large Array data shows that each galaxy contains a
low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (LLAGN), identified as a faint, hard
X-ray source that is astrometrically coincident with a faint 8.5-GHz source.
The latter has a diameter less than 0.3 arcsec (26 pc for NGC 4621, 17 pc for
NGC 4697). The black holes energizing these LLAGNs have Eddington ratios L(2-10
keV) / L(Edd) ~ 1e-9, placing them in the so-called quiescent regime. The
emission from these quiescent black holes is radio-loud, with log Rx = log
nuLnu(8.5 GHz) / L(2-10 keV) ~ -2, suggesting the presence of a radio outflow.
Also, application of the radio-X-ray-mass relation from Yuan & Cui for
quiescent black holes predicts the observed radio luminosities nuLnu(8.5 GHz)
to within a factor of a few. Significantly, that relation invokes X-ray
emission from the outflow rather than from an accretion flow. The faint, but
detectable, emission from these two massive black holes is therefore consistent
with being outflow-dominated. Observational tests of this finding are
suggested.Comment: 11 pages; 4 figures: emulateapj; to appear in Ap
Kinematics of Circumgalactic Gas: Feeding Galaxies and Feedback
We present observations of 50 pairs of redshift z ~ 0.2 star-forming galaxies
and background quasars. These sightlines probe the circumgalactic medium (CGM)
out to half the virial radius, and we describe the circumgalactic gas
kinematics relative to the reference frame defined by the galactic disks. We
detect halo gas in MgII absorption, measure the equivalent-width-weighted
Doppler shifts relative to each galaxy, and find that the CGM has a component
of angular momentum that is aligned with the galactic disk. No net
counter-rotation of the CGM is detected within 45 degrees of the major axis at
any impact parameter. The velocity offset of the circumgalactic gas correlates
with the projected rotation speed in the disk plane out to disk radii of
roughly 70 kpc. We confirm previous claims that the MgII absorption becomes
stronger near the galactic minor axis and show that the equivalent width
correlates with the velocity range of the absorption. We cannot directly
measure the location of any absorber along the sightline, but we explore the
hypothesis that individual velocity components can be associated with gas
orbiting in the disk plane or flowing radially outward in a conical outflow. We
conclude that centrifugal forces partially support the low-ionization gas and
galactic outflows kinematically disturb the CGM producing excess absorption.
Our results firmly rule out schema for the inner CGM that lack rotation and
suggest that angular momentum as well as galactic winds should be included in
any viable model for the low-redshift CGM.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Numerical analysis of the Iosipescu specimen for composite materials
A finite element analysis of the Iosipescu shear tests for unidirectional and cross-ply composites is presented. It is shown that an iterative analysis procedure must be used to model the fixture-specimen kinematics. The correction factors which are needed to compensate for the nonuniformity of stress distribution in calculating shear modulus are shown to be dependent on the material orthotropic ratio and the finite element loading models. Test section strain distributions representative of typical graphite-epoxy specimens are also presented
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