Bidirectional syntactic priming across cognitive domains: from arithmetic to language and back

Scheepers et al. (2011) showed that the structure of a correctly solved mathematical equation affects how people subsequently complete sentences containing high vs. low relative-clause attachment ambiguities. Here we investigated whether such effects generalise to different structures and tasks, and importantly, whether they also hold in the reverse direction (i.e., from linguistic to mathematical processing). In a questionnaire-based experiment, participants had to solve structurally left- or right-branching equations (e.g., 5 × 2 + 7 versus 5 + 2 × 7) and to provide sensicality ratings for structurally left- or right-branching adjective-noun-noun compounds (e.g., alien monster movie versus lengthy monster movie). In the first version of the experiment, the equations were used as primes and the linguistic expressions as targets (investigating structural priming from maths to language). In the second version, the order was reversed (language-to-maths priming). Both versions of the experiment showed clear structural priming effects, conceptually replicating and extending the findings from Scheepers et al. (2011). Most crucially, the observed bi-directionality of cross-domain structural priming strongly supports the notion of shared syntactic representations (or recursive procedures to generate and parse them) between arithmetic and language

An earnings-return model for strategic market planning / BEBR No. 869

Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-39).Few models currently exist which aid managers in their strategic market planning. The models or frameworks which do exist have a variety of shortcomings, a major one being an inadequate linkage to a business organization's dominant goals for existence -- earnings and return on investment. This paper develops a planning model based on a firm's present levels of earnings and return designed to provide a partial foundation on which its managers can base their strategic market planning. Depending upon the firm's placement in the model, different organizational objectives and strategies exist for improving future performance

Beyond Burnout: Understanding Social Workers' Sense of Effectiveness in Psychiatric Rehabilitation

The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Frazier, Marjorie L., Ph.D., Ohio Department of Mental Health - "Beyond Burnout: Understanding Social Workers' Sense of Effectiveness in Psychiatric Rehabilitation"The Ohio State University College of Social Wor

Evaluating the Achievement Outcomes of 5th-Grade Students Following Their Enrollment in Federally-Funded, Inquiry- Based Classrooms to Determine Program Sustainability

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the achievement outcomes of 5th-grade students following their enrollment in federally funded inquiry-based classrooms compared to same school traditional education program students to determine the feasibility of inquiry-based program sustainability. The study analyzed achievement data of students in the inquiry-based Charter Education Program compared to achievement data of students in the Traditional Education Program to determine pretest-posttest achievement gain for students in both research arms and posttest-posttest intervention effectiveness. The inquiry-based Charter Education Program required students to utilize laptop computers rather than textbooks to research, analyze, write, and complete reports. The Traditional Education Program required students to utilize textbooks and other printed source material to research, analyze, write, and complete reports. Pretest-Posttest results indicate that students who participated in the Charter Education Program ( n = 11) significantly improved their Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, Spelling and Language Total Normal Curve Equivalent subtest scores while students who participated in the Traditional Education Program (n = 9) significantly improved their Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, Capitalization, Language Total, and Composite Normal Curve Equivalent subtest scores. The null hypothesis was not rejected for any of the Posttest-Posttest achievement inferential comparisons revealing statistical equipoise between the research arms. While the data and results of the study do not support the continuation of a separate charter program, inquiry-based learning activities could be considered worthwhile and beneficial to all students in the rural research school district. Moreover, the now routine use of computer-based, Internet, inquiry-based instruction may be sustained for all students without placing any additional financial stress on the school district

African American college men holding leadership roles in majority white student groups

Examining the experience of African American college men has been a subject of many higher education scholars. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to be aware of the lived experience of seven African American college men who hold/held leadership positions in a majority White student group. Using symbolic interactionism and phenomenology as my framework in order to better understand how these men make meaning of their experience leading a majority White group, four themes emerged from this study: natural transition; the pull between Black and White environments; perfectionism; and power and influence. Implications for student affairs at PWIs include is the importance of gaining a deeper understanding of the students\u27 past high school experiences and helping those African American men in leadership roles to balance their responsibilities as a leader of a majority White organization and their desire to support the Black community. This study also brought to the forefront that student affairs professionals are many times only encouraging African American students to be involved with Black Student Associations or NPHC groups. As professionals we must never limit a student\u27s leadership but but rather encourage them to sharing their abilities with a variety of student groups on campus

The Democratization of Higher Education: An Historical Overview and Prospects for the Future

The United States system of higher education, including colleges and universities, technical/vocational schools and community colleges, is comprised of over four thousand schools with enrollment of almost sixteen million students. 1 "Prestigious and knowledgeable observers have said that this system is 'the most advanced in the world,' 'the envy of the world,' and 'the most effective system of higher education the world has ever known.'"2 In addition to the primary mission of preparing students for success in their chosen endeavors, these institutions annually produce research and scientific discovery across a broad range of topics. However, there are a growing number of critics who feel that as the number of students increases, programs at all levels of higher education are reducing quality. This paper will examine the development of higher education including landmark legislation, the impact of that legislation in making a college education more accessible to the masses, and the changing attitudes and expectations of students over time. Finally, it examines the system's prospects for the future which contemporary trends suggest-that a college education has become a commodity rather than an intellectual experience

Evaluating the achievement outcomes of 5th-grade students following their enrollment in federally-funded, inquiry-based classrooms to determine program sustainability

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the achievement outcomes of 5th-grade students following their enrollment in federally funded inquiry-based classrooms compared to same school traditional education program students to determine the feasibility of inquiry-based program sustainability. The study analyzed achievement data of students in the inquiry-based Charter Education Program compared to achievement data of students in the Traditional Education Program to determine pretest-posttest achievement gain for students in both research arms and posttest-posttest intervention effectiveness. The inquiry-based Charter Education Program required students to utilize laptop computers rather than textbooks to research, analyze, write, and complete reports. The Traditional Education Program required students to utilize textbooks and other printed source material to research, analyze, write, and complete reports. Pretest-Posttest results indicate that students who participated in the Charter Education Program (n = 11) significantly improved their Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, Spelling and Language Total Normal Curve Equivalent subtest scores while students who participated in the Traditional Education Program (n = 9) significantly improved their Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, Capitalization, Language Total, and Composite Normal Curve Equivalent subtest scores. The null hypothesis was not rejected for any of the Posttest-Posttest achievement inferential comparisons revealing statistical equipoise between the research arms. While the data and results of the study do not support the continuation of a separate charter program, inquiry-based learning activities could be considered worthwhile and beneficial to all students in the rural research school district. Moreover, the now routine use of computer-based, Internet, inquiry-based instruction may be sustained for all students without placing any additional financial stress on the school district

Vertical power relationships in channels of distribution : an integrated and extended conceptual framework / BEBR No. 686

Includes bibliographical references (p. [41]-[44])