Comportamiento de planta de Pinus pinea en vivero y campo: Ensayos de técnicas de cultivo de planta, fertilización y aplicación de herbicidas

Results of three trials to improve the success in reforestation in agricultural lands with Pinus pinea plants are shown: plant technic production in nursery and field, mineral fertilisation and herbicide trials. The trial of plant quality (class and size of pot, fertilise rates and density of plant production) did not affect the survival of seedlings in nursery, but did in growth ones. In the biggest pots and with the biggest fertilise rates were obtain more growth of the plants (shoot and root height growth and dry matter weight). The results of the lost plant percentage in field are independent of the quality plant used, but bigger growth and better development are maintained in better quality plants before reforestation. In the trial of mineral fertilisation in field did not find significatives differences in the lost plants number for the two next years. The best results in height growth was obtain with Agroblen fertilise, and in second place with Agriform one. In the trial of herbicide used in reforestation did not find significatives differences in the lost plant number for the different kind and rates of herbicides. The herbaceous vegetation was controlled better by Hexacinona herbicide, even with the smaller rates (250 g/ha). The best height growth was obtained in the plant where was applied Velpar herbicide with rate from 500 to 350 g/ha.Se presentan los resultados de ensayos tendentes a mejorar el arraigo de plantas de Pinus pinea L. en repoblaciones de tierras agrarias abandonadas: técnicas de cultivo de planta en la fase de vivero y comprobación en campo, fertilización mineral en campo y empleo de herbicidas en repoblación. Los ensayos de técnicas de cultivo de planta realizados (tipo y tamaño de contenedor, dosis de fertilizante y densidad de producción de planta) no afectaron a la supervivencia de las plantas en el contenedor, pero sí al crecimiento de las mismas. Se ha obtenido mayor crecimiento de las plantas (longitud del tallo, raíz y peso seco aéreo y radical) en los contenedores de mayores dimensiones y con mayor concentración de fertilizante. Los resultados del porcentaje de marras en campo son independientes de la calidad de la planta utilizada, pero se mantienen los mayores crecimientos y desarrollo en las plantas consideradas de mejor calidad antes de la plantación. En el ensayo de fertilización mineral en campo no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el número de marras en los dos años siguientes a su plantación. Los mejores resultados en cuanto a crecimiento longitudinal de las plantas se obtuvieron con el fertilizante Agroblen, seguido de Agriform. En el ensayo de empleo de herbicidas en repoblaciones tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas en el número de marras para los diferentes tipos y dosis de herbicidas utilizados. La hexacinona es el herbicida que ejerce un mejor control de la vegetación herbácea, aún con las dosis más pequeñas (250 g/ha). Los crecimientos longitudinales mayores se han obtenido en las plantas donde se aplicó el herbicida Velpar con las dosis de 500 y 350 g/ha

Efectos del vibrado del pino piñonero (Pinus pinea L.) en el vigor de los árboles: densidad de copa, crecimiento de guías y parásitos de debilidad

In the Northwest of Spain the mechanized harvesting of pine cones is more and more frequenIn order to quantify the effects of vibration on the vigor of the trees, parcels of stone pine were planted in plateau and countryside. Both the mechanized and manual harvests were analyzed in adult and young trees. The growth of the tree shoots was measured. The presence and abundance of three insect plagues was analyzed in those same trees: Tomicus piniperda, Rhyacionia buoliana and Thaumetopoea pityocampa. The average shoot length of those trees manually harvested was superior to that of those mechanically harvested. The difference was very significant in young trees (40-50 years old) in the countryside and in adult trees (more than 80 years) on the plateau. Rhyacionia buoliana was more abundant in adult trees that young trees, but the relation of its abundance with the harvest method was not seen. The presence of Tomicus piniperda was rare and was only detected in mechanically harvested stands. Thaumetopoea pityocampa was more frequent in trees harvested by hand than those harvested mechanically and was more abundant in young stands. The percentage tree of defoliation was low in all stands independent of harvest method.En el noroeste de España es cada vez más frecuente la recolección mecanizada de piña. Para cuantificar los efectos del vibrado sobre el vigor de los árboles se instalaron en montes de páramo y de campiña parcelas donde se realizó cosecha mecanizada y manual en arbolado adulto y joven. Se midió el crecimiento de los brotes y se analizó la presencia y abundancia de tres insectos plaga sobre estos árboles, Tomicus piniperda y Rhyacionia buoliana, considerados parásitos de debilidad, así como Thaumetopoea pityocampa. La longitud media de los brotes fue superior en árboles cosechados manualmente. La diferencia es importante en árboles jóvenes (40-50 años) de campiñas y en árboles adultos (más de 80 años) de páramos. Rhyacionia buoliana fue más abundante en árboles adultos que en arbolado joven, pero no se vio relación de su abundancia con el método de cosecha. Tomicus piniperda fue escaso y sólo se detectó en rodales cosechados mecanizadamente. Thaumetopoea pityocampa es más frecuente en rodales cosechados manualmente, y en rodales jóvenes lo que indica que selecciona los árboles de crecimiento más vigoroso para alimentarse. Los porcentajes de defoliación fueron bajos en todas las parcelas

Visual processing speed in hemianopia patients secondary to acquired brain injury: a new assessment methodology

Producción CientíficaBackground: There is a clinical need to identify diagnostic parameters that objectively quantify and monitor the effective visual ability of patients with homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs). Visual processing speed (VPS) is an objective measure of visual ability. It is the reaction time (RT) needed to correctly search and/or reach for a visual stimulus. VPS depends on six main brain processing systems: auditory-cognitive, attentional, working memory, visuocognitive, visuomotor, and executive. We designed a new assessment methodology capable of activating these six systems and measuring RTs to determine the VPS of patients with HVFDs. Methods: New software was designed for assessing subject visual stimulus search and reach times (S-RT and R-RT respectively), measured in seconds. Thirty-two different everyday visual stimuli were divided in four complexity groups that were presented along 8 radial visual field positions at three different eccentricities (10o, 20o, and 30o). Thus, for each HVFD and control subject, 96 S- and R-RT measures related to VPS were registered. Three additional variables were measured to gather objective data on the validity of the test: eye-hand coordination mistakes (ehcM), eye-hand coordination accuracy (ehcA), and degrees of head movement (dHM, measured by a head-tracker system). HVFD patients and healthy controls (30 each) matched by age and gender were included. Each subject was assessed in a single visit. VPS measurements for HFVD patients and control subjects were compared for the complete test, for each stimulus complexity group, and for each eccentricity. Results: VPS was significantly slower (p < 0.0001) in the HVFD group for the complete test, each stimulus complexity group, and each eccentricity. For the complete test, the VPS of the HVFD patients was 73.0% slower than controls. They also had 335.6% more ehcMs, 41.3% worse ehcA, and 189.0% more dHMs than the controls. Conclusions: Measurement of VPS by this new assessment methodology could be an effective tool for objectively quantifying the visual ability of HVFD patients. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of this novel method for measuring the impact that any specific neurovisual rehabilitation program has for these patients

AUGMENTED REALITY TO PRESERVE HIDDEN VESTIGES IN HISTORICAL CITIES. A CASE STUDY

Mobile devices provide an increasingly sophisticated support to enhanced experiences and understanding the remote past in an interactive way. The use of augmented reality technologies allows to develop mobile applications for indoor exploration of virtually reconstructed archaeological places. In our work we have built a virtual reconstruction of a Roman Villa with data arising from an urgent partial excavation which were performed in order to build a car parking in the historical city of Valladolid (Spain). In its current state, the archaeological site is covered by an urban garden. Localization and tracking are performed using a combination of GPS and inertial sensors of the mobile device. In this work we prove how to perform an interactive navigation around the 3D virtual model showing an interpretation of the way it was. The user experience is enhanced by answering some simple questions, performing minor tasks and puzzles which are presented with multimedia contents linked to key features of the archaeological site

LASER-BASED THREE-DIMENSIONAL GIS FOR SMALL HISTORICAL URBAN ZONES: CHALLENGES AND RESULTS.

Abstract: The global management of complex urban environments require flexible Information Systems able of adapting to different needs of private and institutional agents related to preservation and sustainability of Cultural Heritage. Heterogeneity of formats and sources makes difficult the transfer of digital information, which is increased by nontextual support. 3D models provide a support enabling referencing, exploring and extracting information from different sources. The generation of range–based digital 3d models is developed by combining digital photogrammetry and 3d terrestrial laser scans. The development of the software platform UVACAD enables the information management and fusion arising from different image- and range-based sources. The resulting fusion is integrated in an urban GIS model, which is modelled on ArcGIS V.9.0. This model has been applied to four villages of Palencia (Spain) with Renaissance style buildings. 1