Combination of freezing, low sodium brine, and cold smoking on the quality and shelf-life of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax l.) fillets as a strategy to innovate the market of aquaculture products

Aquaculture is playing a leading role in both meeting the growing demand for seafood and increasing the sustainability of the fish production sector. Thus, innovative technologies that improve its sustainability, competitiveness, and safety are necessary for growth in the sector. This study aimed to develop cold smoked sea bass fillets from aquaculture. The aptitude of frozen and fresh fillets for cold smoking was investigated by processing both fresh and thawed fillets kept previously at −20◦C for 15, 30, 60, and 90 days. Moreover, to develop a low-salt product, fillets were immersed in low-sodium or standard brine. Sensory, biochemical, and physical-chemical analyses were performed on both the raw fillets and the smoked fillets during vacuum packaged storage for 35 days at 1 ± 0.5◦C. Young modulus values, representative of texture and sensory evaluation, showed that the quality of fresh fillets was better compared to the thawed ones, thus affecting the quality of the final product as the correlation between parameters showed (principal component analysis). Cold smoking was effective in both maintaining the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) below the threshold for spoilage and preventing lipid peroxidation. Moreover, partial sodium replacement by potassium did not alter the sensory attributes of smoked fillets, which maintained high scores up to 21 days

Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) by-Products Valorization: Viscera Oil ω-3 Enrichment by Short-Path Distillation and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation

This study shows a pilot scale protocol aimed to obtain an omega 3-enriched oil after the processing of farmed gilthead sea bream viscera (SBV); this was oil was tested in vitro for bioactivity, attesting to the possibility to turn waste into profit The quality of the oil, in terms of requirements for animal and human consumption, was assessed by determining some chemical parameters, such as peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ρ-anisidine (ρ-AV) content, total oxidation value (TOTOX), and phospholipids and free fatty acid (%), both in crude viscera oil (CVO) and refined viscera oil (RVO). Among the extraction conditions, the higher CVO yields were obtained at 60 °C for 10 min (57.89%) and at 80 °C for 10 min (67.5%), and the resulting oxidation levels were low when utilizing both extraction conditions. RVO, obtained from CVO extracted at 60 °C, showed the highest quality on the basis of the assessed parameters. The ethyl esters of the total fatty acid (TFA) contents extracted from RVO were enriched in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction (PUFAE) up to almost 56% via short path distillation (SPD). Antioxidant activities and adipogenic properties were tested in vitro. PUFAE protected 3T3 L1 cells from oxidative stress and exerted an anti-adipogenic effect in Dicentrarchus labrax pre-adipocytes, attesting to the beneficial properties for both farmed fish and human health. These results could stimulate the adoption of solutions aimed to recover and utilize aquaculture by-products at a higher scale, turning "waste into profit" and indicating a strategy to reach more sustainable business models in aquaculture resource utilization according to the principles of the circular economy

Lactobacillus plantarum LP01, Lactobacillus lactis subspecies cremoris LLC02, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii LDD01) in patients undergoing bowel preparation

Bowel preparation (BP) for colonoscopy induces significantly changes in gut microbiota and elicit intestinal symptoms. Impaired microbiota causes an intestinal dysbiosis. Consequently, probiotics may counterbalance the disturbed microbiota after BP. The current survey evaluated the efficacy and safety of Abincol\uae, an oral nutraceutical containing a probiotic mixture with Lactobacillus plantarum LP01 (1 billion of living cells), Lactobacillus lactis subspecies cremoris LLC02 (800 millions of living cells), and Lactobacillus delbrueckii LDD01 (200 millions of living cells), in 2,979 outpatients (1,579 males and 1,400 females, mean age 56 years) undergoing BP. Patients took 1 stick/daily for 4 weeks after colonoscopy. Abincol\uae significantly diminished the presence and the severity of intestinal symptoms and improved stool form. In conclusion, the current survey suggests that Abincol\uae may be considered an effective and safe therapeutic option in the management of patients undergoing BP

Feeding preferences of Paracentrotus lividus exposed to native and non-native macroalgae

The effects of alien macroalgal invasions on ecosystem functioning may depend on the feeding choice of native herbivores between native and non-native algae. The co-occurrence of two invasive Caulerpa species, C. taxifolia var. distichophylla and C. cylindracea in Southern Sicily, offered the possibility to investigate the feeding preferences of a generalist native grazer, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, for native vs non-native food. A multiple choice feeding experiment was set to assess whether and to which extent P. lividus consumes the exotic macroalgae while in presence of the preferred native ones. Multiple choice feeding assays were run with the following food sources simultaneously offered to P. lividus: C. cylindracea, C. taxifolia var distichophylla, a mix of C. cylindracea and C. taxifolia var distichophylla, Dictyopteris membranacea, Cystoseira spp. and a mix of D. membranacea and Cystoseira spp.. Paracentrotus lividus exhibited a stronger feeding preference for the mix of the two exotic macroalgae and for C. cylindracea alone. On the other hand, C. taxifolia var distichophylla resulted barely consumed, although the amount ingested was greater when C. taxifolia var. distichophylla was mixed with the congeneric alga. Our findings confirmed the strong palatability of C. cylindracea and the potential role of P. lividus in controlling the spread of this exotic species. Given the low consumption of C. taxifolia var. distichophylla recorded in this study, it is unlikely that P. lividus may contribute to limit the spread of the new exotic Caulerpa species

Training with a computer-based simulator achieves basic manual skills required for upper endoscopy: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Changes in medical practice have constrained the time available for education and the availability of patients for training. Computer-based simulators have been devised that can be used to achieve manual skills without patient contact. This study prospectively compared, in a clinical setting, the efficacy of a computer-based simulator for training in upper endoscopy. METHODS: Twenty-two fellows with no experience in endoscopy were randomly assigned to two groups: one group underwent 10 hours of preclinical training with a computer-based simulator, and the other did not. Each trainee performed upper endoscopy in 19 or 20 patients. Performance parameters evaluated included the following: esophageal intubation, procedure duration and completeness, and request for assistance. The performance of the trainees also was evaluated by the endoscopy instructor. RESULTS: A total of 420 upper endoscopies were performed; the computer pretrained group performed 212 and the non-pretrained group, 208. The pretrained group performed more complete procedures (87.8% vs. 70.0%; p < 0.0001), required less assistance (41.3% vs. 97.9%; p < 0.0001), and the instructor assessed performance as "positive" more often for this group (86.8% vs. 56.7%; p < 0.0001). The length of procedures was comparable for the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The computer-based simulator is effective in providing novice trainees with the skills needed for identification of anatomical landmarks and basic endoscopic maneuvers, and in reducing the need for assistance by instructors