Origin of the inner ring in photoluminescence patterns of quantum well excitons

In order to explain and model the inner ring in photoluminescence (PL) patterns of indirect excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (QWs), we develop a microscopic approach formulated in terms of coupled nonlinear equations for the diffusion, thermalization and optical decay of the particles. The origin of the inner ring is unambiguously identified: it is due to cooling of indirect excitons in their propagation from the excitation spot. We infer that in our high-quality structures the in-plane diffusion coefficient is about 10-30cm^2/s and the amplitude of the disorder potential is about 0.45meV.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Trapping of Cold Excitons with Laser Light

Optical trapping and manipulation of neutral particles has led to a variety of experiments from stretching DNA-molecules to trapping and cooling of neutral atoms. An exciting recent outgrowth of the technique is an experimental implementation of atom Bose-Einstein condensation. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate laser induced trapping for a new system--a gas of excitons in quantum well structures. We report on the trapping of a highly degenerate Bose gas of excitons in laser induced traps.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Bound on Lorentz- and CPT-Violating Boost Effects for the Neutron

A search for an annual variation of a daily sidereal modulation of the frequency difference between co-located ${}^{129}$Xe and ${}^{3}$He Zeeman masers sets a stringent limit on boost-dependent Lorentz and CPT violation involving the neutron, consistent with no effect at the level of 150 nHz. In the framework of the general Standard-Model Extension, the present result provides the first clean test for the fermion sector of the symmetry of spacetime under boost transformations at a level of $10^{-27}$ GeV.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

What makes great physical education teaching? Application of evidence-based research to the training experience of ITE students

What makes great physical education (PE) teaching? If only it were as simple as reading this article! In 2014, The Sutton Trust reviewed over 200 pieces of research to discover what constitutes great teaching. This is just one piece of evidence-informed research that the Secondary PE PGCE and School Direct course at the University of Worcester is informed by. Coe et al. (2014) acknowledge the extreme difficulties in being able to precisely define effective teaching. However, the focus remains on improving pupil achievement and outcomes. The report identified effective practices, as well as practices that were deemed to be less effective; all of which are grounded in evidence and will be discussed within this article

Timing of adjuvant chemotherapy after limb amputation and effect on outcome in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma without distant metastases

Objective: To determine an optimal time interval between amputation and initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy (TIamp-chemo) in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma without distant metastases and whether TIamp-chemo was associated with outcome. Animals: 168 client-owned dogs treated at 9 veterinary oncology centers. Procedures: Data were collected from the dogs' medical records concerning potential prognostic variables and outcomes. Dogs were grouped as to whether they received chemotherapy within 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, or > 30 days after amputation of the affected limb. Analyses were performed to identify variables associated with time to tumor progression and survival time after limb amputation and to determine an optimal TIamp-chemo. Results: Median TIamp-chemo was 14 days (range, 1 to 210 days). Median time to tumor progression for dogs with a TIamp-chemo ≤ 5 days (375 days; 95% CI, 162 to 588 days) was significantly longer than that for dogs with a TIamp-chemo > 5 days (202 days; 95% CI, 146 to 257 days). Median overall survival time for dogs with a TIamp-chemo ≤ 5 days (445 days; 95% CI, 345 to 545 days) was significantly longer than that for dogs with a TIamp-chemo > 5 days (239 days; 95% CI, 186 to 291 days). Conclusions and clinical relevance: Findings indicated that early (within 5 days) initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy after limb amputation was associated with a significant and clinically relevant survival benefit for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma without distant metastases. These results suggested that the timing of chemotherapy may be an important prognostic variabl

Well dispersed fractal aggregates as filler in polymer-silica nanocomposites: long range effects in rheology

We are presenting a new method of processing polystyrene-silica nanocomposites, which results in a very well-defined dispersion of small primary aggregates (assembly of 15 nanoparticles of 10 nm diameter) in the matrix. The process is based on a high boiling point solvent, in which the nanoparticles are well dispersed, and controlled evaporation. The filler's fine network structure is determined over a wide range of sizes, using a combination of Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM). The mechanical response of the nanocomposite material is investigated both for small (ARES oscillatory shear and Dynamical Mechanical Analysis) and large deformations (uniaxial traction), as a function of the concentration of the particles. We can investigate the structure-property correlations for the two main reinforcement effects: the filler network contribution, and a filler-polymer matrix effect. Above a silica volume fraction threshold, we see a divergence of the modulus correlated to the build up of a connected network. Below the threshold, we obtain a new additional elastic contribution of much longer terminal time than the matrix. Since aggregates are separated by at least 60 nm, this new filler-matrix contribution cannot be described solely with the concept of glassy layer (2nm)

Rapid generation of endogenously driven transcriptional reporters in cells through CRISPR/Cas9

CRISPR/Cas9 technologies have been employed for genome editing to achieve gene knockouts and knock-ins in somatic cells. Similarly, certain endogenous genes have been tagged with fluorescent proteins. Often, the detection of tagged proteins requires high expression and sophisticated tools such as confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Therefore, a simple, sensitive and robust transcriptional reporter system driven by endogenous promoter for studies into transcriptional regulation is desirable. We report a CRISPR/Cas9-based methodology for rapidly integrating a firefly luciferase gene in somatic cells under the control of endogenous promoter, using the TGFβ-responsive gene PAI-1. Our strategy employed a polycistronic cassette containing a non-fused GFP protein to ensure the detection of transgene delivery and rapid isolation of positive clones. We demonstrate that firefly luciferase cDNA can be efficiently delivered downstream of the promoter of the TGFβ-responsive gene PAI-1. Using chemical and genetic regulators of TGFβ signalling, we show that it mimics the transcriptional regulation of endogenous PAI-1 expression. Our unique approach has the potential to expedite studies on transcription of any gene in the context of its native chromatin landscape in somatic cells, allowing for robust high-throughput chemical and genetic screens