The revised money stock: explanation and illustrations

Money supply

Full-scale semispan tests of a business-jet wing with a natural laminar flow airfoil

A full-scale semispan model was investigated to evaluate and document the low-speed, high-lift characteristics of a business-jet class wing that utilized the HSNLF(1)-0213 airfoil section and a single-slotted flap system. Also, boundary-layer transition effects were examined, a segmented leading-edge droop for improved stall/spin resistance was studied, and two roll-controlled devices were evaluated. The wind-tunnel investigation showed that deployment of single-slotted, trailing-edge flap was effective in providing substantial increments in lift required for takeoff and landing performance. Fixed-transition studies to investigate premature tripping of the boundary layer indicated no adverse effects in lift and pitching-moment characteristics for either the cruise or landing configuration. The full-scale results also suggested the need to further optimize the leading-edge droop design that was developed in the subscale tests

Boundary and impurity effects on entanglement of Heisenberg chains

We study entanglement of a pair of qubits and the bipartite entanglement between the pair and the rest within open-ended Heisenberg $XXX$ and XY models. The open boundary condition leads to strong oscillations of entanglements with a two-site period, and the two kinds of entanglements are 180 degree out of phase with each other. The mean pairwise entanglement and ground-state energy per site in the $XXX$ model are found to be proportional to each other. We study the effects of a single bulk impurity on entanglement, and find that there exists threshold values of the relative coupling strength between the impurity and its nearest neighbours, after which the impurity becomes pairwise entangled with its nearest neighbours.Comment: 6 pages and 6 figure

QUASAT: An orbiting very long baseline interferometer program using large space antenna systems

QUASAT, which stands for QUASAR SATELLITE, is the name given to a new mission being studied by NASA. The QUASAT mission concept involves a free flying Earth orbiting large radio telescope, which will observe astronomical radio sources simultaneously with ground radio telescopes. The primary goal of QUASAT is to provide a system capable of collecting radio frequency data which will lead to a better understanding of extremely high energy events taking place in a variety of celestial objects including quasars, galactic nuclei, interstellar masers, radio stars and pulsars. QUASAT's unique scientific contribution will be the increased resolution in the emission brightness profile maps of the celestial objects

ESTIMATING IMPLICIT MARGINAL PRICES OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF TOMATOES

A hedonic price function is developed for estimating the implicit prices for selected quality characteristics of fresh tomatoes at three points in the marketing season. The estimation of this function, proposed as a method of evaluating change in the post-harvest system, is accomplished using a flexible functional form. Those quality characteristics that most affect the price of tomatoes can help determine the economic feasibility of alternative handling techniques or new technologies.Demand and Price Analysis,

PRICING QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AT THE WHOLESALE LEVEL

Demand and Price Analysis,

Parameter selection for segregating speech from background noise

Business/Education/Speech and Hearing Science: 1st Place (The Ohio State University Denman Undergraduate Research Forum)Understanding speech in background noise remains a primary challenge faced by hearing-impaired listeners. Ideal binary masking (IBM) is an effective technique to facilitate understanding of a target signal in noisy backgrounds, and IBM estimation is the goal of an effective speech-from-noise separation algorithm that holds promise for alleviating limitations of hearing impairment. In IBM processing, a speech-and-noise mixture is divided into a grid of time-frequency (T-F) units, which are discarded if their degree of noise corruption (reflected as a signal-to-noise ratio, or SNR) exceeds a certain local criterion (LC). Prior work determined that the relationship between the overall SNR of the original speech-noise mixture and LC (the relative criterion or RC) was important for determining intelligibility. This work also suggests that there is a wide range of RC values over which performance scores reach maximum. The current study investigates whether these scores reflect a performance ceiling rather than a true maximum. Consonant recognition was tested in normal-hearing listeners using seven different RC values. The background noise was speech-shaped noise. An RC performance function was obtained that did not display the ceiling effect limitations of previous work, suggesting that the optimal RC value may be different from previous estimates. These findings have implications for selections of LC in IBM estimations. They also suggest appropriate parameters for testing the effect of varying LC within a single mask according to specific frequency contributions to overall speech intelligibility. Such developments may contribute to reducing the struggles that hearing-impaired listeners face in noise.Buckeye Language Network Study of Language Variation (SoLV) Undergraduate Research AwardCollege of Arts and Sciences Undergraduate Research ScholarshipAcademic Major: Speech and Hearing Scienc

An approach for assessing software prototypes

A procedure for evaluating a software prototype is presented. The need to assess the prototype itself arises from the use of prototyping to demonstrate the feasibility of a design or development stategy. The assessment procedure can also be of use in deciding whether to evolve a prototype into a complete system. The procedure consists of identifying evaluations criteria, defining alterative design approaches, and ranking the alternatives according to the criteria

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of chronic widespread pain in the general population.

Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is common and associated with poor general health. There has been no attempt to derive a robust prevalence estimate of CWP or assess how this is influenced by sociodemographic factors. This study therefore aimed to determine, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the prevalence of CWP in the adult general population and explore variation in prevalence by age, sex, geographical location, and criteria used to define CWP. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and AMED were searched using a search strategy combining key words and related database-specific subject terms to identify relevant cohort or cross-sectional studies published since 1990. Included articles were assessed for risk of bias. Prevalence figures for CWP (American College of Rheumatology criteria) were stratified according to geographical location, age, and sex. Potential sources of variation were investigated using subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Twenty-five articles met the eligibility criteria. Estimates for CWP prevalence ranged from 0% to 24%, with most estimates between 10% and 15%. The random-effects pooled prevalence was 10.6% (95% confidence intervals: 8.6-12.9). When only studies at low risk of bias were considered pooled, prevalence increased to 11.8% (95% confidence intervals: 10.3-13.3), with reduced but still high heterogeneity. Prevalence was higher in women and in those aged more than 40 years. There was some limited evidence of geographic variation and cultural differences. One in 10 adults in the general population report chronic widespread pain with possible sociocultural variation. The possibility of cultural differences in pain reporting should be considered in future research and the clinical assessment of painful conditions

Encouraging Victims: Responding to a Recent Study of Battered Women Who Commit Crimes

The article discusses evolution of social services and legal remedies for domestic violence. It reviews research done on domestic violence victims to find out factors that prevent victims from reporting the incident. It offers tips on how to motivate victims to report the incidence of domestic violence. It offers a new proposal targeting women who both suffer violence and have a criminal history