Created-by-current states in long Josephson junctions

Critical curves "critical current - external magnetic field" of long Josephson junctions with inhomogeneity and variable width are studied. We demonstrate the existence of the regions of magnetic field where some fluxon states are stable only, if the external current through the junction is different from zero. Position and size of such regions depend on length of the junction, its geometry, parameters of inhomogeneity and form of the junction. The noncentral (left and right) pure fluxon states are appeared in the inhomogeneous Josephson junction with increase in the junction length. We demonstrate new bifurcation points with change in width of the inhomogeneity and amplitude of the Josephson current through the inhomogeneity.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Structures and orientational transitions in thin films of tilted hexatic smectics

We present detailed systematic studies of structural transformations in thin liquid crystal films with the smectic-C to hexatic phase transition. For the first time all possible structures reported in the literature are observed for one material (5 O.6) at the variation of temperature and thickness. In unusual modulated structures the equilibrium period of stripes is twice with respect to the domain size. We interpret these patterns in the frame work of phenomenological Landau type theory, as equilibrium phenomena produced by a natural geometric frustration in a system having spontaneous splay distortion.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Foreign economic complex of region in new global economic terms

21.03.2017The subject of the research is the foreign economic complex of a region. The objective of the research is to reveal the evolution of its definition and to substantiate its essence in new global economic conditions, the list of which include geo-economic shifts, a growing influence of science and technology, the development of the neo-industrialization process and of network interaction. The basic interpretations of the regional foreign economic complex and their peculiarities in investigations by Russian researchers are generalized. The problem of interpreting the definition of the regional foreign economic complex has been thoroughly explored. At the same time, further research is needed into the structure of actors participating in regional foreign economic activity and into the aspect of the changing global economic terms. The methodology of carrying out the study included the detection of the systems which directly form the regional foreign economic complex, their structure and features of interaction, and also identification and analysis of the system of factors of development of the regional foreign economic complex. The research has allowed the authors to reveal the following three levels on which the foreign economic complex can be considered: a system of entities of the region’s foreign economic activity and its participants, a system of regulation and assistance of the foreign economic activity of region, and a system of global economic relations. The foreign economic potential of a region in new global economic conditions can be defined not only as a production, but also as organizational, infrastructural and innovative network. The development of the regional foreign economic complex is determined by a system of factors reflecting the actual state of the complex (geographical, infrastructural, resource, factors of production-technological (sectoral) structure) and its potential development (institutional, innovative, investment, image factors). The results can be used for further investigations of regional foreign economic complexes. In particular, the system of regulation and assistance of regional foreign economic activity is a joining link for the adaptation of the system of entities of regional foreign economic activity to the current requirements and challenges of the system of global economic relations. In particular, the system of regulation and assistance of regional foreign economic activity creates conditions for the development of export-oriented production and non-resource exports, for optimal transformation of the traditional regional export-based economy into a neo-industrial one.Предметом исследования выступает внешнеэкономический комплекс региона. Целью исследования является выявление эволюции его трактовки и обоснование его сущности в новых мирохозяйственных условиях, к которым отнесены геоэкономические сдвиги, повышение значимости научно-технологической составляющей, развитие процесса неоиндустриализации и сетевого взаимодействия. Обобщены основные трактовки внешнеэкономического комплекса региона и их особенности в исследованиях российских ученых. Выявлена высокая разработанность темы трактовки внешнеэкономического комплекса и внешнеэкономического потенциала региона. Вместе с тем большего раскрытия требуют аспект структуры участников внешнеэкономической деятельности региона и аспект меняющихся мирохозяйственных условий. Методология проведения работы предполагала выделение систем, непосредственно формирующих внешнеэкономический комплекс региона, их структуры и особенностей взаимодействия, а также выделение и анализ системы факторов развития регионального внешнеэкономического комплекса. Проведенное исследование позволило выделить следующие три уровня при рассмотрении внешнеэкономического комплекса: система субъектов внешнеэкономической деятельности региона и ее участников, система регулирования и содействия внешнеэкономической деятельности региона и система мирохозяйственных связей. В новых мирохозяйственных условиях внешнеэкономический потенциал региона может быть определен не только как производственный, но и как организационный, инфраструктурный и инновационно-сетевой. При этом развитие внешнеэкономического комплекса региона определяется целой системой факторов - отражающих фактическое состояние комплекса (географические, инфраструктурные, ресурсные, факторы производственно-технологической (отраслевой) структуры) и его потенциальное развитие (институциональные, инновационные, инвестиционные факторы, факторы имиджа). Результаты могут быть использованы в дальнейших исследованиях региональных внешнеэкономических комплексов. Именно система регулирования и содействия внешнеэкономической деятельности региона является своеобразным связующим звеном для адаптации системы субъектов внешнеэкономической деятельности региона к современным требованиям и вызовам системы мирохозяйственных связей. В частности, система регулирования и содействия внешнеэкономической деятельности региона создает условия для развития экспортоориентированного производства и несырьевого экспорта, для оптимальной трансформации традиционной экспортной специализации региона в неоиндустриальную

Structure-function-dynamics relationships in the peculiar Planktothrix PCC7805 OCP1: impact of his-tagging and carotenoid type

The orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a photoactive protein involved in cyanobacterial photoprotection. Here, we report on the functional, spectral and structural characteristics of the peculiar Planktothrix PCC7805 OCP (Plankto-OCP). We show that this OCP variant is characterized by higher photoactivation and recovery rates, and a stronger energy-quenching activity, compared to other OCPs studied thus far. We characterize the effect of the functionalizing carotenoid and of his-tagging on these reactions, and the time scales on which these modifications affect photoactivation. The presence of a His-tag at the C-terminus has a large influence on photoactivation, thermal recovery and PBS-fluorescence quenching, and likewise for the nature of the carotenoid that additionally affects the yield and characteristics of excited states and the ns-s dynamics of photoactivated OCP. By solving the structures of Plankto-OCP in the ECN- and CAN-functionalized states, each in two closely-related crystal forms, we further unveil the molecular breathing motions that animate Plankto-OCP at the monomer and dimer levels. We finally discuss the structural changes that could explain the peculiar properties of Plankto-OCP. - Complete functional characterization of Synechocystis and Planktothrix OCPs - Hitherto unknown structures of ECN- and CAN-functionalized Planktothrix OC

The use of ultrasonic cavitation for near-surface structuring of robust and low-cost AlNi catalysts for hydrogen production

Ultrasonically induced shock waves stimulate intensive interparticle collisions in suspensions and create large local temperature gradients in AlNi particles. These trigger phase transformations at the surface rather than in the particle interior. We show that ultrasonic processing is an effective approach for developing the desired compositional gradients in nm-thick interfacial regions of metal alloys and formation of effective catalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction

The effect of the 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S translocation on the productivity and quality of spring bread wheat grain

The 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S translocation with the Lr29 gene attracts the attention of bread wheat breeders by its effectiveness against Puccinia triticina. However, its impact on useful agronomic traits has been little studied. In this report, the prebreeding value of 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S was studied in analogue lines (ALs) of spring bread wheat cultivars Saratovskaya 68 and Saratovskaya 70 during 2019–2021. The presence of the Lr29 gene was conf irmed by using molecular marker Lr29F24. The ALs with the Lr29 gene were highly resistant to P. triticina against a natural epiphytotics background and in laboratory conditions. 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S in Saratovskaya 68 ALs reduced grain productivity in all years of research. On average, the decrease was 35 and 42 %, or in absolute f igures 1163 and 1039 against 1802 kg/ha in the cultivar-recipient. In Saratovskaya 70 ALs, there was a decrease in grain yield in 2019 and 2020, and there were no differences in 2021. On average, the decrease was 18 and 32 %, or in absolute f igures 1101 and 912 against 1342 kg/ha in the cultivar-recipient. The analogues of both cultivars showed a signif icant decrease in the weight of 1000 grains, which ranged from 14 to 20 % for Saratovskaya 68 and 17–18 % for Saratovskaya 70. An increase in the period of germination-earing was noted only in Saratovskaya 68 lines, which averaged 1.3 days. ALs of Saratovskaya 70 had no differences in this trait. 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S did not affect plant height and lodging resistance in all ALs. Studies of the bread-making quality in lines with 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S revealed a signif icant increase in grain protein and gluten content. As for the effect on the alveograph indicators, there were differences between ALs of both cultivars. While Saratovskaya 68 ALs had a decrease in elasticity and in the ratio of dough tenacity to the extensibility, Saratovskaya 70 lines had an increase in these indicators. All lines increased the f lour strength and the loaves volume, but while Saratovskaya 68 ALs had an increased porosity rating, Saratovskaya 70 ALs had the same rating as the recipient

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 and eye damage

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS type 1) is a disease characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations resulting from the involvement of multiple endocrine and non-endocrine organs in the pathological process. APS type 1 is a rare genetically determined disease with autosomal recessive inheritance. Mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) lead to a disruption of the mechanism of normal antigen expression and the formation of abnormal clones of immune cells, and can cause autoimmune damage to organs. Within APS type 1, the most common disorders are primary adrenal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, and chronic candidiasis. Some understudied clinical manifestations of APS type 1 are autoimmune pathological processes in the eye: keratoconjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome, iridocyclitis, retinopathy, retinal detachment, and optic atrophy. This review presents the accumulated experimental and clinical data on the development of eye damage of autoimmune nature in APS type 1, as well as the laboratory and instrumental methods used for diagnosing the disease. Changes in the visual organs in combination with clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency and candidiasis should lead the clinical doctor to suspect the presence of APS type 1 and to examine the patient comprehensively. Timely genetic counselling will allow early identifi cation of the disease, timely prescription of appropriate treatment and prevention of severe complications

Clustering in light nuclei in fragmentation above 1 A GeV

The relativistic invariant approach is applied to analyzing the 3.3 A GeV $^{22}$Ne fragmentation in a nuclear track emulsion. New results on few-body dissociations have been obtained from the emulsion exposures to 2.1 A GeV $^{14}$N and 1.2 A GeV $^{9}$Be nuclei. It can be asserted that the use of the invariant approach is an effective means of obtaining conclusions about the behavior of systems involving a few He nuclei at a relative energy close to 1 MeV per nucleon. The first observations of fragmentation of 1.2 A GeV $^{8}$B and $^{9}$C nuclei in emulsion are described. The presented results allow one to justify the development of few-body aspects of nuclear astrophysics.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics-2, 16-20 May, 2005 (ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungar