25 research outputs found
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Effect of activating the sintering process of powder steel alloyed with nickel or chromium by grinding the initial powders and introducing alkali metal compounds was investigated. The kinetics of grinding the initial iron powders, Cr30, and a mixture of iron powders with 4 % nickel was studied. It is shown that, depending on the hardness of the powder, it is grinded in three or two stages. When grinding more hard powders, there is no stage of intensive deformation of particles and an increase in their size. Crystalline lattice defects resulting from grinding of powders accelerate diffusion processes. This reduces sintering temperature by 100β200 Β°Π‘ compared to the sintering temperature of steels from the initial powders, contributes to a homogeneous structure, reduces porosity by 4β17 %, and increase strength of powder steels by 1.5β1.6 times. The mechanism of the effect of sodium bicarbonate on the acceleration of diffusion of carbon, nickel and chromium into iron has been established. With the introduction of sodium bicarbonate under the action of water vapor, formed upon its decomposition to carbonate, thin oxide films are formed on iron particles, which are actively recovered in a protective-recovering atmosphere during sintering. This leads to formation of a metal contact between the particles, acceleration of the self-diffusion of iron atoms and the diffusion of alloying additives into iron by 5β7 times, depending on the sintering temperature and the amount of added additive. Sodium forms nanodispersed complex compounds of the ferritic type Na3Fe5O9 along the grain boundaries of the iron base, which provide grain refinement and the formation of a homogeneous structure. Changes in the structure of powder steel with the introduction of sodium bicarbonate cause an increase in its strength by 1.5β1.7 times. The results can be used to obtain structural products from alloyed powder steels.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, Π₯30 ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Ρ 4 % Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 100β200 Β°Π‘ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 4β17 % ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² 1,5β 1,6 ΡΠ°Π·Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎ Π² 5β7 ΡΠ°Π· Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Na3Fe5O9, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² 1,5β1,7 ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ β ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of heat treatment regimes on changes in the structure and properties of steel-copper alloy pseudo-alloys obtained by infiltration. It is shown that, depending on the composition and initial density of the steel skeleton, the strength of the material increases by 1.3β1.8 times, the hardening effect is realized when the carbon content in the steel skeleton is 0.3β1.5 % and is achieved due to changes in the structure and phase composition of the steel base and copper phase. It has been established that during heating for quenching and during tempering, redistribution of carbon occurs in the iron phase, which is more pronounced in the frame of the pseudo-alloy made of medium-carbon steel. The formation of a βcrustβ structure in the grains of the skeleton is noted, while in the skeleton made of medium-carbon steel this occurs at a tempering temperature of 200 Β°C, in low-carbon steel β at a temperature of 500β650 Β°C. In a high-carbon steel skeleton, carbon stratification in the grain body is less pronounced. An increase in the strength of pseudo-alloys at tempering temperatures of 500β650 Β°C is associated with the formation of the Ξ±β²-phase, the precipitation of the Fe3C carbide phase and the metastable Fe2C phase in the iron phase, as well as the precipitation of dispersed phases Fe4Cu3, Fe4Cu3, Ξ·-Cu6Sn5 and Ξ΄-Cu3Sn8 in the copper phase. Due to the precipitation of phases, the microhardness of the infiltrate in the form of copper in pseudo-alloys after tempering at 550 Β°C increased from 820β880 to 950β980 MPa, in the form of tin bronze β from 1450 to 1750 MPa. The use of heat treatment leads to an increase not only in the strength, but also in the tribotechnical properties of the pseudo-alloy: the friction coefficient of the pseudo-alloy with a frame of 80 % density made of FeC0.8 steel decreases to 0.008β0.009, the seizure pressure doubles and the wear resistance increases by more than 2.5 times.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ (Π’Π) Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ β ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² 1,3β1,8 ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ 0,3β1,5 % ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Β«ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉΒ» ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° 200 Β°Π‘, ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ β ΠΏΡΠΈ 500β650 Β°Π‘. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° 500β650 Β°Π‘ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ξ±β²-ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, Π²ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Fe3C ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Fe2C Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π· Fe4Cu3, Ξ·-Cu6Sn5 ΠΈ Ξ΄-Cu3Sn8 Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ 550 Β°Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ 820β880 ΠΏΠΎ 950β980 ΠΠΠ°, Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·Ρ β Ρ 1450 ΠΏΠΎ 1750 ΠΠΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°: ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ 80 % ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΠ80 ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 0,008β0,009, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² 2,5 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ β ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
The influence of the regimes of plastic deformation of steel β copper alloy pseudo-alloys obtained by infiltration on their structure, mechanical properties and anisotropy of properties is investigated. It has been established that hot forging of pseudo-alloys at a temperature of 700β950 Β°C provides an increase in strength by 1.5β3 times, impact strength by 1.5β2.5 times, plasticity by 1.5β2 %, and at 1100β1150 Β°Π‘ (above the melting point of copper) β leads to cracking of the material. It is shown that the properties of pseudo-alloys based on steel alloyed with chromium are lower than those based on steel alloyed with nickel, which is associated with the formation of chromium oxides due to its increased affinity for oxygen. The formation of macro-texture in pseudo-alloys after hot stamping has been established, which leads to secondary anisotropy of properties, the level of which is determined by the degree of deformation and temperature, but does not exceed 15β20 %. The deformation curve of the pseudo-alloy during hot forging was constructed, which revealed the optimum temperature (700β900 Β°Π‘) and the limiting degree of deformation (65 %) depending on the composition of the pseudo-alloy. With an increase in the degree of deformation, microcracks form at the interface between the iron and copper phases, which in turn leads to a decrease in strength, ductility, as well as a 1.5β2-fold decrease in the impact strength of pseudo-alloys with a copper phase content of 15 % and destruction of pseudo-alloys with a 25 % copper content phases, in which the length of interphase iron-copper boundaries is much greater. The achieved mechanical properties of hot-forged steel-copper alloy pseudo-alloys make it possible to use them for parts of heavily loaded friction units, as well as parts for structural purposes.Β ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ β ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π² Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
700β950 Β°Π‘ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² 1,5β3 ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ β Π² 1,5β2,5 ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β Π½Π° 1,5β2 %, Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ 1100β1150 Β°Π‘ (Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ) β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ 15β20 %. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅, Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ (700β900 Β°Π‘) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (65 %) Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² 1,5β2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ 15 % ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ 25 %, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ β ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ-Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² (ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π.Π. ΠΠΈΡΡΠ·Π΅ΠΌ)
The research results of the influence of graphite content, type and dispersion on the structure, mechanical and physical properties of copperβgraphite composite material are presented. It is shown that in the sintering process, when the content of grade GL graphite is 1, 5, 7 %, shrinkage is 5.7; 2.4 and 0.6 %, respectively, with 20 and 30 % β no volumetric changes. In copperβgraphite material, when the content of grade MG graphite is less than 10 %, a growth of samples of 1β1.6 % is observed; when the graphite content is higher, the volume practically does not change. With a graphite content of more than 20 %, regardless of its grade and dispersion, the strength of copperβgraphite material sharply decreases due to both a reduction of the metal contact area and a transition of the material structure from frame-metal to matrix. In a material with grade MG graphite with the dispersion of 140 and 65 Β΅m, multiple microcracks are formed in the deformation process. When the content of grade MG graphite is 10 %, the electrical resistivity of copper-graphite material is equal to 11β13β’108 Ohmβ’m, when it is 30 %, the electrical resistivity is equal to 136β140β’108 Ohmrm; when the content of grade GL graphite β 8 and 18β’108 Ohmβ’m, respectively.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ-Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ 1, 5, 7 % ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 5,7; 2,4 ΠΈ 0,6 % ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΈ 20 ΠΈ 30 % - ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ. Π ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ-Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Ρ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 10 % Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² 1-1,6 %, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 20 %, Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ-Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ. Π ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Ρ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ 140 ΠΈ 65 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½. Π£Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ-Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ 10 % ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 11β13-108 ΠΠΌβ’ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈ 30 % β 136β140β’108 ΠΠΌβ’ΠΌ, Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ β 8 ΠΈ 18β’108 ΠΠΌβ’ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ (ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² IV ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ-2014: ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ - Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ - Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π°Β»)
The analysis of the reports presented at the IV International scientific conference Β«Nanostructured materials-2014: Belarus - Russia - UkraineΒ» has been carried out by theoretical and experimental studies in the field of the methods of obtaining and properties of nanostructured alloys, ceramics, composite, magnetic and carbon materials and coatings from nanomaterials, methods of certification and application. The new directions in which nanomaterials and nanotechnologies will soon be demanded and the problems of serial use have been shown.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° IV ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ-2014: ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ - Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ - Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π°Β», ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° (ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π΅) ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅
The results of studies of the structure formation process in an iron-based antifriction composite powder material infiltrated with a copper alloy (pseudo-alloy) during thermal and high-temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTMT) are presented. It is shown that after infiltration the structure of the pseudo-alloy consists of sections of the steel skeleton with a perlite structure almost homogeneous in carbon and a small amount of cementite, sections of the copper phase located along the boundaries and at the joints of the particles of the steel skeleton, sulfide inclusions mainly in the copper phase. In the process of hardening, carbon is redistributed in the particles of the steel skeleton; a layer 2β5 Β΅m thick with an increased carbon content is formed at the boundary with the copper phase. During HTMT, the structure is refined, a macrotexture is formed, and the thickness of the copper phase interlayers decreases, depending on the degree of deformation. The degree of deformation also affects the structure of the steel skeleton. After HTMT with a degree of deformation of 30 %, the structure consists of structureless martensite, troosto-martensite and residual austenite, and in the areas adjacent to the copper phase the carbon content is slightly lower, with a degree of deformation of 50 % β structureless martensite, 25 % more austenite content, more uniform distribution of carbon. It has been established that, due to the activation of diffusion processes during deformation during HTMT, molybdenum sulfides decompose and form iron and copper sulfides of various compositions; molybdenum alloys the iron base or forms carbide. The investigation results can be used in the development of high-strength antifriction materials for heavily loaded friction units.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° (ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π΅) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ (ΠΠ’ΠΠ). ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°, Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 2β5 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 30 % ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π±Π΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅; ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 50 % β Π±Π΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π° 20β25 % Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅, Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ±Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ±Π΄Π΅Π½ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ
The results of studying the process of obtaining complex-profile elements of the substrate of mirrors of optical telescopes from reaction-sintered silicon carbide ceramics are presented. It is shown that the strength of silicon carbide ceramics depends on the dispersion of the silicon carbide powder and on the temperature of reaction sintering. An increase in the sintering temperature from 1500 to 1650 Β°C leads to an increase in strength by 60 MPa, and to 1800 Β°C β to a decrease in strength by 40 MPa. An increase in strength is explained by a decrease in free silicon and an increase in the content of secondary silicon carbide, a decrease in strength is explained by an increase in the size of carbide grains. The study of the influence of the modes of soldering of hexagonal elements to obtain a complex-profile element of the substrate of the mirror of an optical telescope on the strength of the soldered seam showed that the introduction of silicon carbide powder 7 ΞΌm in size and amorphous boron in an amount of 6 % into the solder composition based on silicon carbide has a positive effect on the strength of the soldered seam. Tests of the brazed specimens at three-point bending showed that fracture occurs along the body of the specimens being brazed, and not the brazed seam. The structure of the brazed joint depends on the composition of the braze alloy and the gap between the samples to be brazed.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π» ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ 1500 Π΄ΠΎ 1650 Β°Π‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° 60 ΠΠΠ°, Π° Π΄ΠΎ 1800 Β°Π‘ β ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° 40 ΠΠΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ 7 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ 6 %. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Ρ. Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
Charge carrier concentration and structural transition temperatures in Heusler alloys Ni50Mn36Sb14-xZx (Z = Al, Ge; X = 0; 1; 2; 3; 4)
The temperature dependences of magnetization and electrical resistance of the Ni50Mn36Sb14-xZx (Z = Al, Ge; x = 0; 1; 2; 3; 4) alloys have been used to determine the structural transition temperatures (STT) such as: Ms, Mf, As and Af (temperatures of the start and finish of martensitic and austenitic transformations, respectively). Effect of various parameters (e/a, Vcell, n) on the STT was studied. Using Hall Effect the concentration of charge carriers nβ was obtained and it was found that nβ is not strongly correlated with a behaviour of STT, there is only a general trend with exceptions. Β© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Russian Foundation for Basic Research,Β RFBR: 18-02-00739The results of this work were obtained within the state assignment of Minobrnauki of Russia (theme βSpinβ No. ΠΠΠΠ-Π18-118020290104-2) and βNew functional materials for promising technologies: synthesis, properties, spectroscopy and computer simulationβ (No. AAAA-A19-119031890025-9), supported in part by RFBR grant (project No. 18-02-00739)
ΠΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ«ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ¨ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ/ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ, ΠΠΠΠ£Π§ΠΠΠΠ«ΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ‘
The process of silumin modifying by introducing nanodispersed powders of intermetalliΡs NiAl, FeAl, and composite powders of NiAl / 15% Al2O3 and Si / Al2 O3 obtained by the method of mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (MASHS) with addition of 10% tungsten or copper to increase the density was studied. It is shown that the developed modifier compositions make it possible to increase mechanical properties of silumin and to obtain improved values as compared with standards. The effectiveness of introduction of nanocomposite MASHS powders is explained by their activity due to destruction of the oxide surface film and creation of nonequilibrium state in the surface region during mechanical activation. With the introduction of all modifiers, in addition to the composite powder NiAl / 15 % Al2O3 , ultimate tensile strength of silumin increases. Maximum strength, ductility and hardness are achieved with insertion of MASHS Si/Al2O3 powders and addition of tungsten or copper. The introduction of modifiers containing MASHS powders results in changing in distribution, size and amounts of primary and eutectic silicon and improves homogeneity of silumin metal matrix. The use of tungsten and copper improves assimilability of the introduced modifying powders.Β ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π² Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² NiAl, FeAl ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² NiAl / 15 % Al2O3 ΠΈ Si/Al2O3 , ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° (ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ‘), Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ 10 % Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ‘ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° NiAl / 15 % Al2O3 , ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ‘ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Si/Al2O3 Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ‘ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ
The results on the effect of introduction of iron aluminide of various chemical and phase compositions on the structure and mechanical properties of powdered carbon steel and tin bronze are presented. It is shown that the introduction of 0.5 % single-phase iron aluminide Fe3Al leads to an increase in the strength of powdered carbon steel by 30β40 MPa, of biphase Fe2Al5 βFeAl3 β by 80β90 MPa, 1 % β to an insignificant decrease in strength. When a single-phase iron aluminide in the powder steel structure is introduced, a decrease in cementite, differentiation is observed, aluminum diffusion into the substrate occurs, and when two-phase aluminide is introduced, the structure griding occurs as well. It is established that the introduction of 0.5 % single-phase iron aluminide into powder bronzes makes it possible to increase its strength by 80β 100 MPa, two-phase β leads to a reduction in strength by 40β50 MPa. Introduction of 1 % single-phase iron aluminide and 0.2β1 % biphasic aluminide causes a change in the morphology of the structure of the powder bronze due to alloying the copper with aluminum and iron.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 0,5 % ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Fe3Al ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° 30β40 ΠΠΠ°, Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Fe2Al5 β FeAl3 β Π½Π° 80β90 ΠΠΠ°, 1 % β ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π° β Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 0,5 % ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° 80β100 ΠΠΠ°, Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° 40β50 ΠΠΠ°. ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 % ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ 0,2β1 % Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·Ρ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ