880 research outputs found
Toroidal equilibria in spherical coordinates
The standard Grad-Shafranov equation for axisymmetric toroidal plasma
equilibrium is customary expressed in cylindrical coordinates with toroidal
contours, and through which benchmark equilibria are solved. An alternative
approach to cast the Grad-Shafranov equation in spherical coordinates is
presented. This equation, in spherical coordinates, is examined for toroidal
solutions to describe low Solovev and high plasma equilibria in
terms of elementary functions
On the roots of the Poincare structure of asymptotically flat spacetimes
The analysis of vacuum general relativity by R. Beig and N. O Murchadha (Ann.
Phys. vol 174, 463 (1987)) is extended in numerous ways. The weakest possible
power-type fall-off conditions for the energy-momentum tensor, the metric, the
extrinsic curvature, the lapse and the shift are determined, which, together
with the parity conditions, are preserved by the energy-momentum conservation
and the evolution equations. The algebra of the asymptotic Killing vectors,
defined with respect to a foliation of the spacetime, is shown to be the
Lorentz Lie algebra for slow fall-off of the metric, but it is the Poincare
algebra for 1/r or faster fall-off. It is shown that the applicability of the
symplectic formalism already requires the 1/r (or faster) fall-off of the
metric. The connection between the Poisson algebra of the Beig-O Murchadha
Hamiltonians and the asymptotic Killing vectors is clarified. The value H[K^a]
of their Hamiltonian is shown to be conserved in time if K^a is an asymptotic
Killing vector defined with respect to the constant time slices. The angular
momentum and centre-of-mass, defined by the value of H[K^a] for asymptotic
rotation-boost Killing vectors K^a, are shown to be finite only for 1/r or
faster fall-off of the metric. Our center-of-mass expression is the difference
of that of Beig and O Murchadha and the spatial momentum times the coordinate
time. The spatial angular momentum and this centre-of-mass form a Lorentz
tensor, which transforms in the correct way under Poincare transformations.Comment: 34 pages, plain TEX, misleading notations changed, discussion
improved and corrected, appearing in Class. Quantum Gra
On Nonperturbative Calculations in Quantum Electrodynamics
A new approach to nonperturbative calculations in quantum electrodynamics is
proposed. The approach is based on a regular iteration scheme for solution of
Schwinger-Dyson equations for generating functional of Green functions. The
approach allows one to take into account the gauge invariance conditions (Ward
identities) and to perform the renormalization program. The iteration scheme
can be realized in two versions. The first one ("perturbative vacuum")
corresponds to chain summation in the diagram language. In this version in
four-dimensional theory the non-physical singularity (Landau pole) arises which
leads to the triviality of the renormalized theory. The second version
("nonperturbative vacuum") corresponds to ladder summation and permits one to
make non-perturbative calculations of physical quantities in spite of the
triviality problem. For chiral-symmetrical leading approximation two terms of
the expansion of the first-step vertex function over photon momentum are
calculated. A formula for anomalous magnetic moment is obtained. A problem of
dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) is considered, the calculations are
performed for renormalized theory in Minkowsky space. In the strong coupling
region DCSB-solutions arise. For the renormalized theory a DCSB-solution is
also possible in the weak coupling region but with a subsidiary condition on
the value of .Comment: 31 pages, Plain LaTex, no figures. Journal version: some discussion
and refs. are adde
Tubular microjets: Fabrication, factors affecting the motion and mechanism of propulsion
Probability of relativistic electron trapping by parallel and oblique whistler-mode waves in Earth's radiation belts
International audienceWe investigate electron trapping by high-amplitude whistler-mode waves propagating at small as well as large angles relative to geomagnetic field lines. The inhomogeneity of the background magnetic field can result in an effective acceleration of trapped particles. Here, we derive useful analytical expressions for the probability of electron trapping by both parallel and oblique waves, paving the way for a full analytical description of trapping effects on the particle distribution. Numerical integrations of particle trajectories allow to demonstrate the accuracy of the derived analytical estimates. For realistic wave amplitudes, the levels of probabilities of trapping are generally comparable for oblique and parallel waves, but they turn out to be most efficient over complementary energy ranges. Trapping acceleration of 100 keV electrons. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC
USp(2k) Matrix Model: Nonperturbative Approach to Orientifolds
We discuss theoretical implications of the large k USp(2k) matrix model in
zero dimension. The model appears as the matrix model of type IIB superstrings
on a large orientifold via the matrix twist operation. In the
small volume limit, the model behaves four dimensional and its T dual is
six-dimensional worldvolume theory of type I superstrings in ten spacetime
dimensions. Several theoretical considerations including the analysis on planar
diagrams, the commutativity of the projectors with supersymmetries and the
cancellation of gauge anomalies are given, providing us with the rationales for
the choice of the Lie algebra and the field content. A few classical solutions
are constructed which correspond to Dirichlet p-branes and some fluctuations
are evaluated. The particular scaling limit with matrix T duality
transformation is discussed which derives the F theory compactification on an
elliptic fibered K3.Comment: LaTeX, 29 pages, 3 figures. PostScript problems are fixe
The rare decay in chiral perturbation theory
We investigate the rare radiative eta decay modes
and within the
framework of chiral perturbation theory at . We present photon spectra
and partial decay rates for both processes as well as a Dalitz contour plot for
the charged decay.Comment: 26 pages, RevTex, 10 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Multi-Jet Event Rates in Deep Inelastic Scattering and Determination of the Strong Coupling Constant
Jet event rates in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA are investigated
applying the modified JADE jet algorithm. The analysis uses data taken with the
H1 detector in 1994 and 1995. The data are corrected for detector and
hadronization effects and then compared with perturbative QCD predictions using
next-to-leading order calculations. The strong coupling constant alpha_S(M_Z^2)
is determined evaluating the jet event rates. Values of alpha_S(Q^2) are
extracted in four different bins of the negative squared momentum
transfer~\qq in the range from 40 GeV2 to 4000 GeV2. A combined fit of the
renormalization group equation to these several alpha_S(Q^2) values results in
alpha_S(M_Z^2) = 0.117+-0.003(stat)+0.009-0.013(syst)+0.006(jet algorithm).Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, this version to appear in Eur. Phys.
J.; it replaces first posted hep-ex/9807019 which had incorrect figure 4
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