22,324 research outputs found
On some geometric features of the Kramer interior solution for a rotating perfect fluid
Geometric features (including convexity properties) of an exact interior
gravitational field due to a self-gravitating axisymmetric body of perfect
fluid in stationary, rigid rotation are studied. In spite of the seemingly
non-Newtonian features of the bounding surface for some rotation rates, we
show, by means of a detailed analysis of the three-dimensional spatial
geodesics, that the standard Newtonian convexity properties do hold. A central
role is played by a family of geodesics that are introduced here, and provide a
generalization of the Newtonian straight lines parallel to the axis of
rotation.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages with 4 Poscript figures. To be published in Classical
and Quantum Gravit
Axial symmetry and conformal Killing vectors
Axisymmetric spacetimes with a conformal symmetry are studied and it is shown
that, if there is no further conformal symmetry, the axial Killing vector and
the conformal Killing vector must commute. As a direct consequence, in
conformally stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes, no restriction is made by
assuming that the axial symmetry and the conformal timelike symmetry commute.
Furthermore, we prove that in axisymmetric spacetimes with another symmetry
(such as stationary and axisymmetric or cylindrically symmetric spacetimes) and
a conformal symmetry, the commutator of the axial Killing vector with the two
others mush vanish or else the symmetry is larger than that originally
considered. The results are completely general and do not depend on Einstein's
equations or any particular matter content.Comment: 15 pages, Latex, no figure
Discussion quality diffuses in the digital public square
Studies of online social influence have demonstrated that friends have
important effects on many types of behavior in a wide variety of settings.
However, we know much less about how influence works among relative strangers
in digital public squares, despite important conversations happening in such
spaces. We present the results of a study on large public Facebook pages where
we randomly used two different methods--most recent and social feedback--to
order comments on posts. We find that the social feedback condition results in
higher quality viewed comments and response comments. After measuring the
average quality of comments written by users before the study, we find that
social feedback has a positive effect on response quality for both low and high
quality commenters. We draw on a theoretical framework of social norms to
explain this empirical result. In order to examine the influence mechanism
further, we measure the similarity between comments viewed and written during
the study, finding that similarity increases for the highest quality
contributors under the social feedback condition. This suggests that, in
addition to norms, some individuals may respond with increased relevance to
high-quality comments.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
Balancing Corn Yield Goals and N Fertilization Rates
Establishing realistic yield goals is essential for environmentally and economically sustainable crop production. It is also important because many of the variable inputs, including fertilizer N rates, are often based upon those goals. If yield goals are beyond what uncontrollable factors such as rainfall can support, many controllable inputs such as N fertilizer will probably be used at rates in excess of crop needs. This scenario will result in reduced nutrient recovery, decreased profitability or return on fertilizer investment, and an increased potential for N loss to groundwater resources. If yield goals are set too low, crop nutrient needs may be underestimated leading to loss of yield, quality, and profit
Killing spinor space-times and constant-eigenvalue Killing tensors
A class of Petrov type D Killing spinor space-times is presented, having the
peculiar property that their conformal representants can only admit Killing
tensors with constant eigenvalues.Comment: 11 pages, submitted to CQ
Spin polarization in a T-shape conductor induced by strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling
We investigate numerically the spin polarization of the current in the
presence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction in a T-shaped conductor proposed by
A.A. Kiselev and K.W. Kim (Appl. Phys. Lett. {\bf 78} 775 (2001)). The
recursive Green function method is used to calculate the three terminal spin
dependent transmission probabilities. We focus on single-channel transport and
show that the spin polarization becomes nearly 100 % with a conductance close
to for sufficiently strong spin-orbit coupling. This is interpreted
by the fact that electrons with opposite spin states are deflected into an
opposite terminal by the spin dependent Lorentz force. The influence of the
disorder on the predicted effect is also discussed. Cases for multi-channel
transport are studied in connection with experiments
Association Between Air Pollution and Low Birth Weight: A Community-Based Study
The relationship between maternal exposure to air pollution during periods of pregnancy (entire and specific periods) and birth weight was investigated in a well-defined cohort. Between 1988 and 1991, all pregnant women living in four residential areas of Beijing were registered and followed from early pregnancy until delivery. Information on individual mothers and infants was collected. Daily air pollution data were obtained independently. The sample for analysis included 74,671 first-parity live births were gestational age 37-44 weeks. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to estimate the effects of air pollution on birth weight and low birth weight (< 2,500 g), adjusting for gestational age, residence, year of birth, maternal age, and infant gender. There was a significant exposure-response relationship between maternal exposures to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and total suspended particles (TSP) during the third trimester of pregnancy and infant birth weight. The adjusted odds ratio for low birth weight was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.06-1.16) for each 100 micrograms/m3 increase in SO2 and 1.10 (95% CI, 1.05-1.14) for each 100 micrograms/m3 increase in TSP. The estimated reduction in birth weight was 7.3 g and 6.9 g for each 100 micrograms/m3 increase in SO2 and in TSP, respectively. The birth weight distribution of the high-exposure group was more skewed toward the left tail (i.e., with higher proportion of births < 2,500 g) than that of the low-exposure group. Although the effects of other unmeasured risk factors cannot be excluded with certainty, our data suggests that TSP and SO2, or a more complex pollution mixture associated with these pollutants, contribute to an excess risk of low birth weight in the Beijing population.National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES05947, ES08337); National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (R01 HD32505); Department of Health and Human Services (MCJ-259501, HRSA 5 T32 PE10014
Symmetry and inert states of spin Bose Condensates
We construct the list of all possible inert states of spin Bose condensates
for . In doing so, we also obtain their symmetry properties. These
results are applied to classify line defects of these spin condensates at zero
magnetic field.Comment: an error in Sec III C correcte
Magnetovac Cylinder to Magnetovac Torus
A method for mapping known cylindrical magnetovac solutions to solutions in
torus coordinates is developed. Identification of the cylinder ends changes
topology from R1 x S1 to S1 x S1. An analytic Einstein-Maxwell solution for a
toroidal magnetic field in tori is presented. The toroidal interior is matched
to an asymptotically flat vacuum exterior, connected by an Israel boundary
layer.Comment: to appear in Class. Quant. Gra
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