IMPACTS OF PRICE CHANGES ON OPTIMAL FEEDING PERIODS FOR SLAUGHTER YEARLINGS

Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries,

A Study in Lowering Counselor-Trainee Anxiety Related to Selected Controversial Issues

An effective counselor has cognitive mastery of theory, appropriate interpersonal and communication skills, and a degree of self-knowledge sufficient to allow open, honest, non-judgmental interactions with clients. It is the last criterion, implying the importance of self-awareness, which many counselors have to struggle with in the course of their training. Self-knowledge, in fact, may be the most energizing force in effective counseling. (Rogers, 1961) To function fully and freely in counselor-client relationships requires that the counselor is willing to explore and learn about matters that frigation, inhibit and stifle himself. Growing awareness of self involves a counselor-trainee\u27s coming to terms with feelings about critical issues, highly charged with affective content, which arise in counselor-client relationships. The design and implementation of the study was based on the following assumptions: (1) that all counselors-in-training hold personalized feelings and attitudes (bias) both conscious and unconscious, concerning issues pertinent to counselor education, (2) that the holding of such bias is true of the issues of trial marriage, interracial intimacy, unwed pregnancy, veneral disease, death, abortion, lesbianism, suicide, seduction and homosexuality, (3) that the holding of an unrecognized bias about these above mentioned issues heightens anxiety, impeding the counselor-trainee from dealing with the issues in an open, honest, and non-judgmental manner with the client, and (4) that a decrease in anxiety arising out of an unconscious bias will result in better ability to cope with controversial issues through increased self awareness. The directional hypothesis was formulated: that, if the counselor-in-training is given the opportunity in a supportive atmosphere for an academic semester, to identify and deal with personally held attitudes and feelings about controversial issues a decrease in anxiety will result. A multi-process approach was formulated for the presentation of controversial issues utilizing video-tape vignettes, self-rating scales, small and large group discussion. The target group was graduate counselor-trainees, whose curriculum included the practical counseling experience, in the Department of Educational Psychology and Guidance at Eastern Illinois University. Sample size fluctuated in pre and post groups because students dropped and/or added the courses during the semester. From the entire population, twenty-two pre-post pairs of scores were available to test the null hypothesis that the trainees’ experience in the study and in the counseling classes made no difference in the anxiety level. Students self-ratings collected from pre and post reports indicated highest anxiety level on the following three issues: suicide, homosexuality, and interracial intimacy. The post reports indicated a decrease in the anxiety level on all issues except abortion. The results indicate a tendency to confirm the directional hypothesis: that with exposure to personally held feelings and attitudes about selected controversial issues in a given supportive atmosphere of an academic semester in the counseling program the trainee will show a decrease in anxiety

A Study in Lowering Counselor-Trainee Anxiety Related to Selected Controversial Issues

An effective counselor has cognitive mastery of theory, appropriate interpersonal and communication skills, and a degree of self-knowledge sufficient to allow open, honest, non-judgmental interactions with clients. It is the last criterion, implying the importance of self-awareness, which many counselors have to struggle with in the course of their training. Self-knowledge, in fact, may be the most energizing force in effective counseling. (Rogers, 1961) To function fully and freely in counselor-client relationships requires that the counselor is willing to explore and learn about matters that frigation, inhibit and stifle himself. Growing awareness of self involves a counselor-trainee\u27s coming to terms with feelings about critical issues, highly charged with affective content, which arise in counselor-client relationships. The design and implementation of the study was based on the following assumptions: (1) that all counselors-in-training hold personalized feelings and attitudes (bias) both conscious and unconscious, concerning issues pertinent to counselor education, (2) that the holding of such bias is true of the issues of trial marriage, interracial intimacy, unwed pregnancy, veneral disease, death, abortion, lesbianism, suicide, seduction and homosexuality, (3) that the holding of an unrecognized bias about these above mentioned issues heightens anxiety, impeding the counselor-trainee from dealing with the issues in an open, honest, and non-judgmental manner with the client, and (4) that a decrease in anxiety arising out of an unconscious bias will result in better ability to cope with controversial issues through increased self awareness. The directional hypothesis was formulated: that, if the counselor-in-training is given the opportunity in a supportive atmosphere for an academic semester, to identify and deal with personally held attitudes and feelings about controversial issues a decrease in anxiety will result. A multi-process approach was formulated for the presentation of controversial issues utilizing video-tape vignettes, self-rating scales, small and large group discussion. The target group was graduate counselor-trainees, whose curriculum included the practical counseling experience, in the Department of Educational Psychology and Guidance at Eastern Illinois University. Sample size fluctuated in pre and post groups because students dropped and/or added the courses during the semester. From the entire population, twenty-two pre-post pairs of scores were available to test the null hypothesis that the trainees’ experience in the study and in the counseling classes made no difference in the anxiety level. Students self-ratings collected from pre and post reports indicated highest anxiety level on the following three issues: suicide, homosexuality, and interracial intimacy. The post reports indicated a decrease in the anxiety level on all issues except abortion. The results indicate a tendency to confirm the directional hypothesis: that with exposure to personally held feelings and attitudes about selected controversial issues in a given supportive atmosphere of an academic semester in the counseling program the trainee will show a decrease in anxiety

Dehydration, Muscle Damage, and Exercise in the Heat: Impacts on Renal Stress, Thermoregulation, and Muscular Damage Recovery

Purpose: The purpose was to identify the combined influence of dehydration, muscle damage, and exertional hyperthermia on biological markers of acute kidney injury and renal function. We also investigated the effects of performing muscle damaging exercise during mild hypohydration on muscle damage biomarkers and muscular strength recovery. Methods: Eighteen recreationally-active males (age 24 ± 5 y, body fat 17.3 ± 6.2%) completed a familiarization visit and two experimental trials separated by ≥28 days. The two experimental conditions consisted of either euhydration (EU; maintaining hydration, -1.2 ± 0.8%) or hypohydration (HY; restricting fluid consumption for 24 hours prior to and during the trial, -4.4 ± 1.9%). Participants completed a unilateral eccentric knee flexion muscle damaging protocol, 60-minute treadmill exercise in the heat, 30-minute passive recovery, and a rehydrated 24-h follow-up visit, respectively. Results: Strength was reduced across time independent of trial for isometric strength at 70° (P\u3c0.001), isometric strength at 90° (P=0.001), and isokinetic strength at 60°·sec-1 (P=0.001). Serum creatine kinase increased regardless of trial (P\u3c0.001), with the 24-h follow-up greater (grand mean; 58.7 ± 25.1 U/L) than at baseline (grand mean; 35.7 ± 23.1 U/L, P\u3c0.001) and post-exercise (grand mean; 51.6 ± 23.2 U/L, P=0.009). Percent change in plasma neutrophil gelatinous associated lipocalin was greater in the HY trial post-exercise (EU 28.0 ± 15.2%, HY 41.8 ± 17.5%, P\u3c0.001), but not at 24-h follow-up (P=0.39). Serum creatinine was increased in the HY trial regardless of time (EU 0.97 ± 0.14, HY 1.04 ± 0.15, mg/dL, P=0.025). Urine NGAL and urine creatinine were also elevated in the HY trial pre-exercise and post-exercise (all, P\u3c0.05) but were returned to EU levels by 24-h follow-up (all, P\u3e0.05). Conclusions: We demonstrated no significant impact of hydration status when performing muscle damaging exercise, followed by exercise in the heat, on indices of muscle damage recovery. Exercise in the heat with muscle damage increased physiological and renal strain when HY, but the rehydration protocol ameliorated differences between trials by the 24-h follow-up. These findings highlight the importance of proper fluid intake following exercise to mitigate renal stress

The French Community at URI: A Study of Cultural and Linguistic Identity

The French Community at URI: A Study of Cultural and Linguistic Identity Kayla Butts Sponsor: Karen DeBruin, French Growing up in a bi-racial family has always brought upon me the question of identity. To which culture do I belong and which values do I adopt? To make matters even more complex, I have fallen in love with the French culture and language and have chosen to major in it. Am I allowed to feel a part of this culture as well? Whether it is part of ones ethnic background or not, human beings question if it is possible to truly belong to more than one culture; for some, maintaining multiple cultures may take a lot of work. For my honors project, I have decided to take the question of identity, Francophone identity in particular, and direct it at the faculty and staff of URI who have any sort of connection to Francophone language or culture. It is this exact group of people who make up The French Community at URI and it is this exact group of people that I chose to interview. Everyone within the French Community at URI has developed their ties to francophone language and culture through ethnic background, research interests, and/or personal interests. To give the interviews substance, I based my questions on those in complex articles like Educational Language Planning and Linguistic Identity by Peter Sutton and On Maintaining a Francophone Identity in Cohoes, NY by Cynthia A. Fox. Using these questions, I was able to see how individuals view their own identity with regards to France, if they consider French identity a part of their overall identity, and if they have to work to maintain the cultural and linguistic aspects. For the final part of my project, I have put together a book/directory of all the people interviewed. Based on my research and their responses, I have the ability to pinpoint whether it is culture or language that determines identity and, from that, I can identify where cultural and linguistic identity need to intersect in order for someone to call herself/himself Francophone versus Francophile and I can see the limits that individuals place on their own Francophone or Francophile identity. Keywords: Identity, Francophone, Francophile, French, cultural, linguistic, intervie

Lay Of The Land: Knowing The Terrain Aided Grant\u27s Capture Of Vicksburg

For those Civil War historians who read Ed Bearss\u27s superb works on the Vicksburg campaign and thought that no important details of this watershed action remained to be discovered, Warren Grabau\u27s Ninety-Eight Days: A Geographer\u27s View of the Vicksburg Campaign will provide a delightful surprise..

A Survey of Chemical and Biological Structure in Three Florida Bayou-Estuaries

Detailed information on the benthic macroinvertebrate community composition is unavailable for most Gulf of Mexico near-coastal areas. In response, structural and functional characteristics of this biota were determined, in conjunction with sediment chemical quality and acute toxicity, for three urbanized bayous. Sediment chemical contamination in the bayous was common. Numerical sediment quality assessment guidelines were exceeded at 13 of the 16 sampling stations for as many as six analytes. However, the results of whole sediment toxicity tests conducted with the benthic invertebrates Mysidopsis bahia (epifaunal) and Ampelisca abdita (infaunal) indicated that 14 of the 16 sediments were not acutely toxic. The benthic macroinvertebrate composition was indicative of that for organically enriched sediments, and the quality was spatially distinct and sometimes increased seaward. The percent of the fauna indicative of organic enrichment ranged from 14 to 100% for the 16 sampling stations. Pollution-tolerant infaunal species such as the polychaetous annelids Streblospio benedicti and Mediomastus ambiseta were dominant. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index values ranged from 1.0 to 3.8. The quality of the macroinvertebrate communities paralleled the results for sediment chemical quality and particle size distribution more so than those for acute toxicity. It was obvious that an integrated chemical and biological assessment was needed to characterize the environmental condition of the sediments in these urbanized coastal habitats

The Future of Nursing: How Important is Discipline-Specific Knowledge? A Conversation with Jacqueline Fawcett

Nurses have long attempted to secure a unique identity for the profession. Many scholars are now promoting an interdisciplinary framework for nursing practice. Fawcett is convinced that interdisciplinary practice poses a danger for nursing to lose its identity and that interdisciplinary practice cannot be successful if members of each discipline do not understand the conceptual models, practice, and research of their own discipline. Dr. Janie Butts and Dr. Karen Rich interviewed Dr. Jacqueline Fawcett about her views related to discipline-specific knowledge and nursing\u27s future. The authors conclude that Fawcett\u27s scientific foundation gives nursing the solidarity and power necessary to determine the unique internal goods of its practice

Mechanisms underlying pituitary hypoplasia and failed cell specification in Lhx3-deficient mice

AbstractThe LIM homeodomain transcription factor, LHX3, is essential for pituitary development in mouse and man. Lhx3 engineered null mice have profound pituitary hypoplasia that we find is attributable to an increase in cell death early in pituitary development. Dying cells are localized to regions of TPIT expression indicating that cell death may contribute to the severe reduction in differentiated corticotrope cells and lower expression of the corticotrope transcription factors, TPIT and NEUROD1. Lhx3 deficiency also results in dorsal ectopic expression of transcription factors characteristic of gonadotropes, SF1 and ISL1, but no gonadotropin expression. This apparent disturbance of cell differentiation may be due, in part, to loss of NOTCH2. NOTCH2 is normally expressed in the pituitary at the boundary between dorsal, proliferating cells and ventral, differentiating cells and is important for maintaining dorsal–ventral patterning in other organs. Thus, Lhx3 contributes significantly to pituitary development by maintaining normal dorsal–ventral patterning, cell survival, and normal expression of corticotrope-specific transcription factors, which are necessary for repressing ectopic gonadotrope differentiation

A Multidiscipline Approach to Mitigating the Insider Threat

Preventing and detecting the malicious insider is an inherently difficult problem that expands across many areas of expertise such as social, behavioral and technical disciplines. Unfortunately, current methodologies to combat the insider threat have had limited success primarily because techniques have focused on these areas in isolation. The technology community is searching for technical solutions such as anomaly detection systems, data mining and honeypots. The law enforcement and counterintelligence communities, however, have tended to focus on human behavioral characteristics to identify suspicious activities. These independent methods have limited effectiveness because of the unique dynamics associated with the insider threat. The solution requires a multidisciplinary approach with a clearly defined methodology that attacks the problem in an organized and consistent manner. The purpose of this paper is to present a framework that provides a systematic way to identify the malicious insider and describe a methodology to counter the threat. Our model, the Multidiscipline Approach to Mitigating the Insider Threat (MAMIT), introduces a novel process for addressing this challenge. MAMIT focuses on the collaboration of information from the relative disciplines and uses indicators to produce a consolidated matrix demonstrating the likelihood of an individual being a malicious insider. The well-known espionage case study involving Robert Hanssen is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the framework