Remarks on the structure constants of the Verlinde algebra associated to sl3sl_3

The structure constants $N_{\lambda, \mu}^{\mu+\nu}$ of the $sl_2$ Verlinde algebra as functions of $\mu$ either vanish or can be expressed after a change of variable as the weight function of an irreducible representation of $sl_2$. We give a similar formula in the $sl_3$ case.Comment: 5 pages, AmsTeX, 1 figure available on reques

Alien Registration- Begin, Marie L. (Jay, Franklin County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/20591/thumbnail.jp

Berenstein-Zelevinsky triangles, elementary couplings and fusion rules

We present a general scheme for describing su(N)_k fusion rules in terms of elementary couplings, using Berenstein-Zelevinsky triangles. A fusion coupling is characterized by its corresponding tensor product coupling (i.e. its Berenstein-Zelevinsky triangle) and the threshold level at which it first appears. We show that a closed expression for this threshold level is encoded in the Berenstein-Zelevinsky triangle and an explicit method to calculate it is presented. In this way a complete solution of su(4)_k fusion rules is obtained.Comment: 14 page

Leptin-induced lipolysis opposes the tonic inhibition of endogenous adenosine in white adipocytes

The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the signaling pathway used by leptin to stimulate lipolysis. The lipolytic rate of white adipocytes from sex- and age-matched lean (+/+) and fa/fa rats was determined in the absence or presence of leptin together with a number of agents acting at different levels of the signaling cascade. Leptin did not modify FSK-, dbcAMP-, and IBMX-stimulated lipolysis. Lipolysis can also be maximally stimulated by lowering media adenosine levels with adenosine deaminase (ADA), i.e., in the ligand-free state. Although ADA produced near maximal lipolysis in adipocytes of lean animals, only half of the maximal lipolytic rate (50.9+/-3.2%) was achieved in fat cells from fa/fa rats (P=0.0034). In adipocytes from lean animals preincubated with ADA, leptin caused a concentration-related stimulation of lipolysis (P=0.0001). However, leptin had no effect on the lipolytic activity of adipocytes in the ligand-free state from fa/fa rats. The adenosine A1 receptor agonist CPA effectively inhibited basal lipolysis in both lean and obese adipocytes (P=0.0001 and P=0.0090, respectively). Leptin had no effect on the lipolytic rate of adipocytes isolated from fa/fa rats and preincubated with CPA. When adipocytes were incubated with the A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX, a significant increase in glycerol release was observed in fa/fa fat cells (P=0.009), whereas cells isolated from lean rats showed no differences to ADA-stimulated lipolysis. After pretreatment with PTX, which inactivates receptor-mediated Gi function, adipocytes of obese rats became as responsive to the stimulatory actions of ISO as cells from lean rats (P=0.0090 vs. ISO in fa/fa rats; P=0.2416 vs. lean rats, respectively). PTX treatment of lean cells, however, did not alter their response to this lipolytic agent. It can be concluded that the lipolytic effect of leptin is located at the adenylate cyclase/Gi proteins level and that leptin-induced lipolysis opposes the tonic inhibition of endogenous adenosine in white adipocytes

Small iron oxide nanoparticles as MRI T1 contrast agent: scalable inexpensive water-based synthesis using a flow reactor

Small iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesised in water via co-precipitation by quenching particle growth after the desired magnetic iron oxide phase formed. This was achieved in a millifluidic multistage flow reactor by precisely timed addition of an acidic solution. IONPs (≤5 nm), a suitable size for positive T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, were obtained and stabilised continuously. This novel flow chemistry approach facilitates a reproducible and scalable production, which is a crucial paradigm shift to utilise IONPs as contrast agents and replace currently used Gd complexes. Acid addition had to be timed carefully, as the inverse spinel structure formed within seconds after initiating the co-precipitation. Late quenching allowed IONPs to grow larger than 5 nm, whereas premature acid addition yielded undesired oxide phases. Use of a flow reactor was not only essential for scalability, but also to synthesise monodisperse and non-agglomerated small IONPs as (i) co-precipitation and acid addition occurred at homogenous environment due to accurate temperature control and rapid mixing and (ii) quenching of particle growth was possible at the optimum time, i.e., a few seconds after initiating co-precipitation. In addition to the timing of growth quenching, the effect of temperature and dextran present during co-precipitation on the final particle size was investigated. This approach differs from small IONP syntheses in batch utilising either growth inhibitors (which likely leads to impurities) or high temperature methods in organic solvents. Furthermore, this continuous synthesis enables the low-cost (<£10 per g) and large-scale production of highly stable small IONPs without the use of toxic reagents. The flow-synthesised small IONPs showed high T1 contrast enhancement, with transversal relaxivity (r2) reduced to 20.5 mM−1 s−1 and longitudinal relaxivity (r1) higher than 10 mM−1 s−1, which is among the highest values reported for water-based IONP synthesis

Childhood Maltreatment, Adolescent Psychological Difficulties and Borderline Personality Features: A Person-Centered Approach

Childhood maltreatment is a well-known risk factor for poor psychological outcomes across the lifecycle, including internalizing and externalizing difficulties, personality pathology and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Much less is known regarding the associations between specific types and combinations of maltreatment and these difficulties during adolescence. Given the limitations of variable-centered approaches that focus on correlations and associations, the present study used a person-centered approach (Latent Class Analysis) to examine whether groups of adolescents who experience specific types and combinations of maltreatment reported more internalizing and externalizing difficulties, borderline personality features, or NSSI. Participants were 327 adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 21 from the community, with 32% reporting some experiences of maltreatment. The findings indicate that for adolescents and young adults in the community, sexual abuse, as well as neglect and antipathy in combination with other forms of maltreatment were associated with significantly higher self-reported distress and dysfunction. Sexual abuse was linked to more internalizing difficulties, borderline personality features and NNSI, whereas both neglect and antipathy were associated with more internalizing and externalizing difficulties. Furthermore, neglect was associated with significantly more episodes of NNSI and antipathy with more self-reported borderline personality features

Aircraft Emissions: Current Inventories and Future Scenarios

Three-dimensional (latitude, longitude, altitude) global inventories of civil and military aircraft fuel burned and emissions have been developed for the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the years 1976, 1984, and 1992, and by the European Abatement of Nuisances Caused by Air Transport (ANCAT)/European Commission (EC) Working Group and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) for 1991/92. For 1992, the results of the inventory calculations are in good agreement, with total fuel used by aviation calculated to be 129.3 Tg (DLR), 131.2 Tg (ANCAT), and 139.4 Tg (NASA). Total emissions of NOx (as N02) in 1992 were calculated to range from 1.7 Tg (NASA) to 1.8 Tg (ANCAT and DLR). Forecasts of air travel demand and technology developed by NASA and ANCAT for 2015 have been used to create three-dimensional (3-D) data sets of fuel burn and NOx emissions for purposes of modeling the near-term effects of aircraft. The NASA 2015 forecast results in a global fuel burn of 309 Tg, with a NOx emission of 4.1 Tg (as N02); the global emission index, EI(NOx) (g NOx/kg fuel), is 13.4. In contrast, the ANCAT 2015 forecast results in lower values-a global fuel burn of 287 Tg, an emission of 3.5 Tg of NOx and a global emission index of 12.3. The differences arise from the distribution of air travel demand and technology assumptions