Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites from coal fly ash

The fly ash, from the combustion of coal to produce energy and heat, is an industrial waste, in which large accumulations represent a serious environmental threat. To reduce the environmental burden and improve the economic benefits of energy production, the science and industry focus on the transformation of coal combustion byproducts into new functional materials. The fly ash was studied by modern analytical methods. As a result of the hydrothermal reaction, several types of zeolites were synthesised from the fly ash: analcime, faujasite (zeolite X) and gismondine (zeolite P). It was shown that the experimental conditions (temperature, reaction time and alkali concentration) have a significant influence on the type of zeolite and its content in the reaction products. The series of experiments resulted in building approximate crystallisation field of zeolites and other phases as the first stage of the formation of ceramic membrane and other materials

The effect of the laser-induced structures’ surface morphology on the luminescence of thermostable polybenzimidazoles

This study was performed in the framework of the RFBR grant Mol_а 18-33-00645

Tunneling decay in a magnetic field

We provide a semiclassical theory of tunneling decay in a magnetic field and a three-dimensional potential of a general form. Because of broken time-reversal symmetry, the standard WKB technique has to be modified. The decay rate is found from the analysis of the set of the particle Hamiltonian trajectories in complex phase space and time. In a magnetic field, the tunneling particle comes out from the barrier with a finite velocity and behind the boundary of the classically allowed region. The exit location is obtained by matching the decaying and outgoing WKB waves at a caustic in complex configuration space. Different branches of the WKB wave function match on the switching surface in real space, where the slope of the wave function sharply changes. The theory is not limited to tunneling from potential wells which are parabolic near the minimum. For parabolic wells, we provide a bounce-type formulation in a magnetic field. The theory is applied to specific models which are relevant to tunneling from correlated two-dimensional electron systems in a magnetic field parallel to the electron layer.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figure

Uniparental Genetic Heritage of Belarusians: Encounter of Rare Middle Eastern Matrilineages with a Central European Mitochondrial DNA Pool

Ethnic Belarusians make up more than 80% of the nine and half million people inhabiting the Republic of Belarus. Belarusians together with Ukrainians and Russians represent the East Slavic linguistic group, largest both in numbers and territory, inhabiting East Europe alongside Baltic-, Finno-Permic- and Turkic-speaking people. Till date, only a limited number of low resolution genetic studies have been performed on this population. Therefore, with the phylogeographic analysis of 565 Y-chromosomes and 267 mitochondrial DNAs from six well covered geographic sub-regions of Belarus we strove to complement the existing genetic profile of eastern Europeans. Our results reveal that around 80% of the paternal Belarusian gene pool is composed of R1a, I2a and N1c Y-chromosome haplogroups – a profile which is very similar to the two other eastern European populations – Ukrainians and Russians. The maternal Belarusian gene pool encompasses a full range of West Eurasian haplogroups and agrees well with the genetic structure of central-east European populations. Our data attest that latitudinal gradients characterize the variation of the uniparentally transmitted gene pools of modern Belarusians. In particular, the Y-chromosome reflects movements of people in central-east Europe, starting probably as early as the beginning of the Holocene. Furthermore, the matrilineal legacy of Belarusians retains two rare mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, N1a3 and N3, whose phylogeographies were explored in detail after de novo sequencing of 20 and 13 complete mitogenomes, respectively, from all over Eurasia. Our phylogeographic analyses reveal that two mitochondrial DNA lineages, N3 and N1a3, both of Middle Eastern origin, might mark distinct events of matrilineal gene flow to Europe: during the mid-Holocene period and around the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, respectively

Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP-1) Regulates Ribosomal Biogenesis in Drosophila Nucleoli

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), a nuclear protein, utilizes NAD to synthesize poly(AD-Pribose) (pADPr), resulting in both automodification and the modification of acceptor proteins. Substantial amounts of PARP1 and pADPr (up to 50%) are localized to the nucleolus, a subnuclear organelle known as a region for ribosome biogenesis and maturation. At present, the functional significance of PARP1 protein inside the nucleolus remains unclear. Using PARP1 mutants, we investigated the function of PARP1, pADPr, and PARP1-interacting proteins in the maintenance of nucleolus structure and functions. Our analysis shows that disruption of PARP1 enzymatic activity caused nucleolar disintegration and aberrant localization of nucleolar-specific proteins. Additionally, PARP1 mutants have increased accumulation of rRNA intermediates and a decrease in ribosome levels. Together, our data suggests that PARP1 enzymatic activity is required for targeting nucleolar proteins to the proximity of precursor rRNA; hence, PARP1 controls precursor rRNA processing, post-transcriptional modification, and pre-ribosome assembly. Based on these findings, we propose a model that explains how PARP1 activity impacts nucleolar functions and, consequently, ribosomal biogenesis

Identification and Characterization of Alternative Promoters, Transcripts and Protein Isoforms of Zebrafish R2 Gene

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. Expression of RNR subunits is closely associated with DNA replication and repair. Mammalian RNR M2 subunit (R2) functions exclusively in DNA replication of normal cells due to its S phase-specific expression and late mitotic degradation. Herein, we demonstrate the control of R2 expression through alternative promoters, splicing and polyadenylation sites in zebrafish. Three functional R2 promoters were identified to generate six transcript variants with distinct 5′ termini. The proximal promoter contains a conserved E2F binding site and two CCAAT boxes, which are crucial for the transcription of R2 gene during cell cycle. Activity of the distal promoter can be induced by DNA damage to generate four transcript variants through alternative splicing. In addition, two novel splice variants were found to encode distinct N-truncated R2 isoforms containing residues for enzymatic activity but no KEN box essential for its proteolysis. These two N-truncated R2 isoforms remained in the cytoplasm and were able to interact with RNR M1 subunit (R1). Thus, our results suggest that multilayered mechanisms control the differential expression and function of zebrafish R2 gene during cell cycle and under genotoxic stress

The study of the state of the microbiome and local immunity in patients with chronic recurrent atami mouth

Chronic recurrent aphthas of the oral cavity in residents living in an ecologically unfavorable region is characterized by a permanent course and a prolonged period of recovery processes of regeneration of pathological elements on the oral mucosa. By the microbiological method using modern test systems, we found that the diverse state of the microbiome is determined on the surface of the aft, in the samples of oral fluid the function of humoral factors of local immunity of the oral cavity is reduced. Our obtained data can serve as an indication for the development of modern therapeutic and preventive measures in this category of persons.Хронические рецидивирующие афты полости рта у жителей проживающих в экологически неблагоприятном регионе характеризуется перманентным течением и затяжным периодом восстановительных процессов регенерации патологических элементов на слизистой оболочке рта. Микробиологическим методом с использованием современных тест систем нами установлено, что на поверхности афт определяется крайне разнообразное состояние микробиома, в пробах ротовой жидкости происходит недостаточность функции гуморальных факторов местного иммунитета полости рта. Полученные нами данные могут служить показанием к разработке современных лечебно-профилактических мероприятий у данной категории лиц

Early radiation-induced damage of the extracellular matrix of pelvic organs tracked by nonlinear optical and atomic force microscopies

Побочные реакции в нормальных тканях после облучения злокачественных опухолей имеют важное значение в современной радиационной онкологии. Мы применили нелинейно-оптическую и атомно-силовую микроскопию для выявления ранних повреждающих эффектов ионизирующего излучения на коллагеновые структуры мочевого пузыря и прямой кишки крыс.Adverse events in normal tissues after irradiation of malignant tumors are of great importance in modern radiation oncology. In our study, we have applied nonlinear optical and atomic force microscopies to track early damaging effects of ionizing radiation on the collagen structures in the bladder and rectum of rats

Sanitary-Hygienic and Microbiological Monitoring over the Water Supply Sources and Surface Water Reservoirs during Natural Disaster in the Amur-River Territory

Emergency situation in summer 2013 due to flooding of extensive areas of the Russian Amur-River territories (including residential areas with different level of development of public services and amenities, agricultural land, sites of cattle grazing and stock-keeping) resulted in the increased microbiological, virologic and physical-chemical load upon water reservoir ecosystems. The results of monitoring over water supply sources, quality of drinking water and surface reservoir waters in the devastated territories were analyzed by the specialists from Rospotrebnadzor and specialized anti-epidemic teams No. 1 and 2. Complex approach presuming increase in extent and frequency of the examinations, performance of operative epidemiological analysis along with daily adequation of preventive and anti-epidemic measures allowed for taking control over the situation and to avoid epidemic complications as regards acute water-borne intestinal infections