Image of “Fallen Woman” in Novels of G. Fallada’s “Wolf Among Wolves” and F. M. Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment”: Comparative Analysis

The image of the “fallen woman” in the novels of G. Fallada’s “Wolf Among Wolves” and F. M. Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment” is examined. Traces of the literary influence of the Russian classic on the poetics of the German writer’s novel at the thematic and character levels are identified. It is established that the key motif in both works is the theme of moral resurrection of the fallen individual. It is shown that, in addressing the problem of the “humiliated and insulted”, both authors incorporate the image of the “fallen woman” into the system of characters in their novels. It is noted that the writers pay special attention to the reasons for her social downfall. Through the use of comparative-historical analysis, parallels in the images of “fallen” women presented in these works — Petra Ledig and Sonya Marmeladova — are identified. The author of the article concludes that the heroines share a number of common features: Christian semantics of their names, moral purity despite physical vice, a tendency towards selfsacrifice, great inner strength despite outward timidity, a desire to show mercy, the ability to motivate their loved ones towards spiritual rebirth and thereby “rebirth” themselves. The results of the study allow to demonstrate the significance of F. M. Dostoevsky’s humanistic ideas for the aesthetic principles and worldview position of G. Fallada in the novel “Wolf Among Wolves”

Traditions of F.M. Dostoevsky in Story of G. Böll “Burning”

The features of G. Böll’s comprehension of the problem of “humiliated and insulted” heroes in the story “The Burning Ones” are analyzed in the context of the literary influence on this work of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”. The method of comparative historical analysis is used. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a comprehensive and diverse study of the literary dialogue between H. Böll and F.M. Dostoevsky. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the story of G. Böll “Burning” considered in the article, became the object of study in Russian literary criticism for the first time. It has been established that the German writer develops the idea of the Russian classic about the spiritual transformation of morally fallen characters through redemptive suffering, the healing power of love, and turning to religion. Between the artistic worlds of the works under consideration, parallels are also revealed at the level of individual images (Sonya and Susanna) and motives (resurrecting love). Comparison of the poetological features of the story “Burning” and the novel “Crime and Punishment” not only reveals the similarity of the aesthetic attitudes of the two authors in these works, but also helps to determine a number of main directions in the reception of the artistic experience of F.M. Dostoevsky, developed in the further work of G. Böll

Motifs of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s ‘Notes from Dead House’ in Hans Fallada’s Novel ‘Wer einmal aus dem Blechnapf frißt…’

The novels ‘Notes from the Dead House’ by Fyodor Dostoevsky and ‘Wer einmal aus dem Blechnapf frißt…’ (‘Who Once Drinks from the Prison Chalice’) by Hans Fallada are analyzed in terms of literary connections. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a comprehensive and multifaceted examination of Hans Fallada’s literary dialogue with Fyodor Dostoevsky. A number of similar motifs are identified, as well as the fact that there are allusive “cross-references” between the characters of the novels. It is noted that both authors show the destructive influence of imprisonment on the criminal’s personality. It is emphasized that in both novels, the criminal is deprived of the ability for spiritual revival, and the writers criticize the unjust social system that pushes the “little” person to break the law. Drawing on the traditions of Fyodor Dostoevsky, Hans Fallada shows in his novel that life for prisoners, both in prison and after release, is akin to being in a “dead house”, as it deprives the “humiliated and insulted” heroes of the opportunity to change their fate. It is concluded that comparing the novels “Notes from the Dead House” and “Who Once Drinks from the Prison Chalice” allows for identifying similarities in their ideas and outlining perspectives for further research on the reception of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s artistic experience in Hans Fallada’s work

ALTERATION OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE CONTENT IN "HEXACHLORAN DUST" PESTICIDE FORMULATION AT EXPOSURE TO ELECTRON BEAM

The most popular methods of organochlorinated pesticides (OCP) destruction, which are based on thermal dechlorination, are not ecologically safe. The other process – radiation-chemical degradation – has got some advantages. It does not involve high temperatures and expensive reagents. In this study, the effective OCP degradation was observed under irradiation of residuals of the active substance of ‘Hexachloran dust’ pesticide formulation, intended for utilization. Parameters for the preparation powder (dry form) exposure to electron beam are discussed. It is shown that at the exposure to electron beam at dose of 100 kGy, the degradation degree of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers in a composition of active substance achieves 56.2–66.3%

Study of the Effect of Radiation Dose Rate on the Stability of Various Organochlorine Pesticides

Abstract irradiated at dose of 10 kGy with dose rate varied from 8.3 ⋅ 10−3 up to 2.33 Gy/sec. It is found that the shape of the degradation degree relationship on dose rate is similar for different OCPs in polar and non-polar solvents (hexane, 2-propanol) and does not depend on the concentration of initial substance. The maximum of the OCP degradation degree is registered in the dose rate range of 0.23-0.43 Gy/sec. A lognormal distribution is considered as a function best fitting the experimental data. The OCP degradation mechanism could be explained by the ratio of active and recombined particles along the gradient of ionizing radiation intensity. Keywords: organochlorinated pesticide; irradiation, dose and dose rate of gammaradiation; radiation degradation; functional dependenc

Role of Cinematography in Anticorruption Enlightenment: Global Experience

Objective: to conduct a comprehensive interdisciplinary legal study of the role of cinematography in anti-corruption enlightenment of citizens.Methods: a structural and functional approach to the interpretation of society as a connection of subsystems, in which cinematography is a part of the cultural subsystem, while anti-corruption policy refers simultaneously to the public subsystem (enlightenment) and the state subsystem (politics). The chosen approach determines a set of specific research methods, such as a critical analysis of theoretical literature on corruption behavior and on the relationship between a viewer and a cinematography product in conjunction with an empirical study of various cases in the form of films and film projects devoted to anti-corruption topics.Results: the analysis of the mechanisms of building the relationships between a viewer and cinematography allowed identifying the possibilities of cinematography to have a long-term impact on a viewer, due not only to the technical capabilities of cinematography, but also to the psychobiological mechanisms of man. By the example of specific projects, the expediency of using cinema as an anti-corruption enlightenment tool was proved and justified. In particular, if the relevant messages are laid in the plot of a feature film, then, thanks to mirror neurons and human thinking mechanisms, they can serve educational purposes and demonstrate the consequences of corrupt behavior. It is important not to intimidate the audience with the horrors of living with corruption, but to show a positive way out and scenarios of living without it. This can lead to an increase in civic engagement, to an increase in interest in the issue under discussion, as well as to an increase in ratings of trust in the state.Scientific novelty: the article proves the inexpediency of evaluating cinema solely as a form of entertainment, and for the first time examines examples of the practical application of cinema for anti-corruption policy and enlightenment by comparing approaches used in different countries.Practical significance: the main conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and practical activities when developing long-term strategies and programs of anti-corruption enlightenment, as well as in the framework of cinematographic activities to assess the long-term consequences of the demonstrated film narrative

Videogames: escapism or an effective tool for anticorruption enlightenment?

Objective: to analyze video games with anticorruption components and to make a conclusion of the possibility to use them in anticorruption education with various mechanics, plots and narratives.Methods: analysis and summarization of the narrative of commercial video games, studies of the scientific literature and research aimed at revealing the influence of video games on a player’s cognitive abilities, as well as studying the possibilities of using video games in education and enlightenment allowed us to assume that video games may be used as an auxiliary instrument for anticorruption enlightenment.Also, we analyzed the audience of video games players to determine its relevancy for the goals of anticorruption education. According to the goals of anticorruption education identified by us, namely: ability to distinguish corruption and its types, developing negative attitude to corruption and positive attitude to a whistle-blower, illustration of short-term and long-term consequences of corruption – we performed a critical analysis of the video games narrative in order to identify the ones most appropriate for anticorruption education.Results: in the work, we studied the educational potential of video games and determined the efficiency level of their influence of the educational process. By the example of particular game projects, we proved in practice the expediency of using video games as a tool of anticorruption education.Scientific novelty: the article proves inexpediency of assessing video games exclusively as a form of escapism and, for the first time, specifies the examples of practical implementation of commercial video games, not being training programs or simulators, for organization of anticorruption education.Practical significance: the main conclusions of the article can be used in practical activity when developing long-term strategies and programs of anticorruption education, as well as within the activity of developing video games to assess longterm consequences of the narrative used

Impedance spectroscopy of synthetic proustite at high pressures

The effect of high pressure (up to 40 GPa) and alternating electric field frequency (100 Hz-500 kHz) on the electrical properties of synthesized single-crystal proustite Ag3AsS3 is studied. The behavior of real and imaginary parts of impedance upon an increase in pressure confirms earlier data on the closing of valence and conduction zones, and on the material's transition to the metal state at ∼30 GPa. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

Spin-orbital Conversion of Bessel Light Beams By Liquid Crystal Elements

For the first time, the spin-orbital conversion of the linearly polarized Bessel beams in the process of their propagation in the electrically-controlled liquid crystal cell has been realized experimentally. Variations in the polarization, phase, and spatial structure of the beam have been analyzed. It has been shown that, when a Bessel beam is propagating along the liquid crystal director, the generated beam is orthogonally polarized, whereas the topological charge is varied by two unities. Keywords: Bessel light beams, spin-orbital conversion; liquid crystal