Secondary recrystallization in Fe-3% Si alloy with (110)[001] single-component texture

After the primary recrystallization of a preliminarily deformed (110)[001] single crystal, the texture also has the preferred (110)[001] orientation. Furthermore, the texture contains weak orientations, a major part of which is formed at the sample surface and can be described by a spectrum of scattered orientations 120вЊ©210вЊ.351 вЊ©103вЊ. A further heating leads to two concurrent processes taking place in the samples, i.e., the normal growth of Goss grains and secondary recrystallization. Abnormally grown crystals are represented by a quartet of orientations related with the initial Goss orientation by a rotation around [011], [011̄], [101], and [101̄] axes at an angle of ∼30. The crystallographic relationship between the initial and final grain orientations can be explained by their closeness to special misorientations as follows: Σ9, Σ19a, Σ27a, and Σ33a (rotation around 〈110⌠axes to close angles). © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Formation of special misorientations related to transition bands in structure of deformed and annealed single crystal (110)[001] of Fe-3% Si alloy

A transition band between two deformation bands retains for the most part the orientation (110)[001] and shrinks to a thin interlayer or boundary with increasing degree of deformation. At a certain stage of deformation, the microvolumes that are arranged along the interface of the bands become adjusted to special misorientations. During primary recrystallization, cube-on-edge (Goss) grains, which grow from the transition band, have portions of special boundaries common with the deformed matrix; these boundaries were found earlier between the deformation bands. This indicates that the local domains with special misorientations formed at the stage of cold deformation transform during annealing into the corresponding primary-recrystallization nuclei. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

“Queen of the Desert”: The Image of Gertrude Bell in Modern Historiography

Работа представляет анализ современных исследований, посвященных британской путешественнице, археологу и разведчику Гертруде Маргарет Лоутиан Белл. На основании анализа, автором были сделаны выводы об особенностях представления Г. Белл в современной историографии.The study presents an analysis of modern research dedicated to British traveler, archaeologist, and political officer Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell. Based on the analysis, the author concludes about aspects of G. Bell’s depiction in modern historiography

The Method of Manufacturing Nonmetallic Test-Blocks on Different Sensitivity Classes

Nowadays in our modern world there is a vital question of quality control of details made from nonmetallic materials due to their wide spreading. Nondestructive penetrant testing is effective, and in some cases it is the only possible method of accidents prevention at high-risk sites. A brief review of check sample necessary for quality evaluation of penetrant materials is considered. There was offered a way of making agents for quality of penetrant materials testing according to different liquid penetrant testing sensibility classes

Investigation of the mechanism of microplasma impact on iron and aluminum load using solutions of organic substances

The paper reports on the study of mechanism of electroeffects on iron and aluminum and pellets with using solutions of organic substances. Methylene blue solution, furacilin and eosin were used. It is observed the reactions of the pulse at the time and after switching off the voltage source. It is shown that there are two developing process in the conditions studied. The first process depends on material of electrodes and pulse parameters. The second process occurs spontaneously and it is determined by the redox reaction and sorption processes. The products of electrode erosion and active particles react in the redox reactions. Active particles are formed in solution by the action of pulsed electric discharge in water. The highest efficiency of the process was demonstrated on an iron pellets

Composition of powders produced by electrospark dispersion of metal granules in water

The results of experimental studies of metal powders composition produced by electrospark dispersion according to the scheme "metal electrodes - metal granule loading - distilled water" are given in the paper. With a help of X-ray diffraction analysis and other methods, it was found that chemical and phase composition of dispersion products is determined by affinity of metal to oxygen

Determination of the Optimum Chemical Composition And Temperature interval of Hot Deformation for Steels of Supermartensity Class

В работе описана проблема образования дефекта «полосчатости микроструктуры» в низкоуглеродистых сталях супермартенситного класса. Предложены варианты снижения вероятности образования данного дефекта. Для этого проведены термодинамические расчёты с целью подбора оптимального химического состава и температурного интервала горячей деформации.The formation problem of the “banded microstructure” defect in low-carbon steels of the supermartensitic class was described. Options for reducing the likelihood of this defect are proposed. For this, thermodynamic calculations were carried out in order to select the optimal chemical composition and temperature range of hot deformation

Determination of the Optimum Chemical Composition and Temperature Interval of Hot Deformation for Steels of Supermartensity Class

The formation problem of the “banded microstructure” defect in low-carbon steels of the supermartensitic class was described. Options for reducing the likelihood of this defect are proposed. For this, thermodynamic calculations were carried out in order to select the optimal chemical composition and temperature range of hot deformation.В работе описана проблема образования дефекта «полосчатости микроструктуры» в низкоуглеродистых сталях супермартенситного класса. Предложены варианты снижения вероятности образования данного дефекта. Для этого проведены термодинамические расчеты с целью подбора оптимального химического состава и температурного интервала горячей деформации

Validation of a test procedure for determination of specific activity of human recombinant interferon beta (Infibeta®) using various cell/virus combinations

Interferon beta preparations have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. One of the most important quality attributes that support efficacy and safety of interferon beta preparations is specific antiviral activity. Interferon beta activity is determined by the biological test method which can lead to an erroneous final result due to the system uncertainties that contribute to the overall uncertainty. Accurate assessment of specific activity plays an important role in adequate determination of the product’s therapeutic dose, therefore the test method standardisation and validation are of particular relevance. The aim of the study was to validate a test procedure for assessing specific activity of human recombinant interferon beta preparations, using various cell/virus combinations, as illustrated by the example of Infibeta®. Materials and methods: WISH, Vero, A-549, and MDBK cells in combination with mouse encephalomyocarditis virus were used in the study. The testing was performed using the biological test method based on the interferon ability to suppress virus-induced cytopathic effects in cell cultures. The results were processed using methods of mathematical statistics and the GraphPadPrism, Statistical 2/0 software package. Results: the paper compares the results of specific activity determination of Infibeta® (interferon beta-1b) using various cell/virus combinations. The dose-response curves were used to compare the test results. It was demonstrated that all the tested cell lines could be used in the biological test procedure for determination of interferon beta specific activity. However, the best results were obtained with A-549, WISH cells in combination with mouse encephalomyocarditis virus. The following validation characteristics were determined in the cell/virus systems: specificity, linearity, precision, and robustness. Conclusions: the study validated the test procedure that enables measurement of interferon beta specific activity in the range of 4.8–11.2 IU/mL at a satisfactory accuracy level, which guarantees reliable test results. The study demonstrated robustness, intermediate precision, and reproducibility of the test procedure

Electrogenic metals in epidermis: connection with cell bioenergetics

We have found out in our previous studies that results of quantitative spectrometry of electrogenic metals (Ca, K, Na) in epidermal cells (hair) of healthy people and the Chernobyl liquidators (chronic oxidative/nitrosative stress) are conjugated. The nature of this «conjugation», like many intimate mechanisms of the metal-ligand homeostasis in the epidermis, remains unsolved. Transmembrane traffic of electrogenic metals (and especially the Na+ ion) is directly related to cell bioenergetics. Therefore, intracellular bioenergetics processes in the membrane and in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, can determine homeostasis of electrogenic metals. It has been shown that in the cell, that is an open dynamic system, there are signs of self-organized criticality (SC). Thus we can classify electrogenic metal homeostasis as SC-phenomenon