1,049 research outputs found
Quantum theory of photonic crystal polaritons
We formulate a full quantum mechanical theory of the interaction between
electromagnetic modes in photonic crystal slabs and quantum well excitons
embedded in the photonic structure. We apply the formalism to a high index
dielectric layer with a periodic patterning suspended in air. The strong
coupling between electromagnetic modes lying above the cladding light line and
exciton center of mass eigenfunctions manifests itself with the typical
anticrossing behavior. The resulting band dispersion corresponds to the
quasi-particles coming from the mixing of electromagnetic and material
excitations, which we call photonic crystal polaritons. We compare the results
obtained by using the quantum theory to variable angle reflectance spectra
coming from a scattering matrix approach, and we find very good quantitative
agreement.Comment: Proceedings of the "8th Conference on Optics of Excitons in Confined
Systems" (OECS-8), 15-17 September 2003, Lecce (Italy
Profile alterations of a symmetrical light pulse coming through a quantum well
The theory of a response of a two-energy-level system, irradiated by
symmetrical light pulses, has been developed.(Suchlike electronic system
approximates under the definite conditions a single ideal quantum well (QW) in
a strong magnetic field {\bf H}, directed perpendicularly to the QW's plane, or
in magnetic field absence.) The general formulae for the time-dependence of
non-dimensional reflection {\cal R}(t), absorption {\cal A}(t) and transmission
{\cal T}(t) of a symmetrical light pulse have been obtained. It has been shown
that the singularities of three types exist on the dependencies {\cal R}(t),
{\cal A}(t), {\cal T}(t). The oscillating time dependence of {\cal R}(t), {\cal
A}(t), {\cal T}(t) on the detuning frequency \Delta\omega=\omega_l-\omega_0
takes place. The oscillations are more easily observable when
\Delta\omega\simeq\gamma_l. The positions of the total absorption, reflection
and transparency singularities are examined when the frequency \omega_l is
detuned.Comment: 9 pages, 13 figures with caption
Self-tuned quantum dot gain in photonic crystal lasers
We demonstrate that very few (1 to 3) quantum dots as a gain medium are
sufficient to realize a photonic crystal laser based on a high-quality
nanocavity. Photon correlation measurements show a transition from a thermal to
a coherent light state proving that lasing action occurs at ultra-low
thresholds. Observation of lasing is unexpected since the cavity mode is in
general not resonant with the discrete quantum dot states and emission at those
frequencies is suppressed. In this situation, the quasi-continuous quantum dot
states become crucial since they provide an energy-transfer channel into the
lasing mode, effectively leading to a self-tuned resonance for the gain medium.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Re
Band structure and optical properties of opal photonic crystals
A theoretical approach for the interpretation of reflectance spectra of opal
photonic crystals with fcc structure and (111) surface orientation is
presented. It is based on the calculation of photonic bands and density of
states corresponding to a specified angle of incidence in air. The results
yield a clear distinction between diffraction in the direction of light
propagation by (111) family planes (leading to the formation of a stop band)
and diffraction in other directions by higher-order planes (corresponding to
the excitation of photonic modes in the crystal). Reflectance measurements on
artificial opals made of self-assembled polystyrene spheres are analyzed
according to the theoretical scheme and give evidence of diffraction by
higher-order crystalline planes in the photonic structure.Comment: to appear in PR
Exciton polaritons in two-dimensional photonic crystals
Experimental evidence of strong coupling between excitons confined in a
quantum well and the photonic modes of a two-dimensional dielectric lattice is
reported. Both resonant scattering and photoluminescence spectra at low
temperature show the anticrossing of the polariton branches, fingerprint of
strong coupling regime. The experiments are successfully interpreted in terms
of a quantum theory of exciton-photon coupling in the investigated structure.
These results show that the polariton dispersion can be tailored by properly
varying the photonic crystal lattice parameter, which opens the possibility to
obtain the generation of entangled photon pairs through polariton stimulated
scattering.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Polariton Dispersion Law in Periodic Bragg and Near-Bragg Multiple Quantum Well Structures
The structure of polariton spectrum is analyzed for periodic multiple quantum
well structures with periods at or close to Bragg resonance condition at the
wavelength of the exciton resonance. The results obtained used to discuss
recent reflection and luminescent experiments by M. H\"{u}bner et al [Phys.
Rev. Lett. {\bf 83}, 2841 (1999)] carried out with long multiple quantum well
structures. It is argued that the discussion of quantum well structures with
large number of wells is more appropriate in terms of normal modes of infinite
periodic structures rather then in terms of super- and sub- radiant modes.Comment: replaced with a new version, an error in one of the equations is
correcte
Elastic Light Scattering by Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Elastic light scattering by low-dimensional semiconductor objects is
investigated theoretically. The differential cross section of resonant light
scattering on excitons in quantum dots is calculated. The polarization and
angular distribution of scattered light do not depend on the quantum-dot form,
sizes and potential configuration if light wave lengths exceed considerably the
quantum-dot size. In this case the magnitude of the total light scattering
cross section does not depend on quantum-dot sizes. The resonant total light
scattering cross section is about a square of light wave length if the exciton
radiative broadening exceeds the nonradiative broadening. Radiative broadenings
are calculated
CO excitation in the Seyfert galaxy NGC7130
We present a coherent multi-band modelling of the CO Spectral Energy
Distribution of the local Seyfert Galaxy NGC7130 to assess the impact of the
AGN activity on the molecular gas. We take advantage of all the available data
from X-ray to the sub-mm, including ALMA data. The high-resolution (~0.2") ALMA
CO(6-5) data constrain the spatial extension of the CO emission down to ~70 pc
scale. From the analysis of the archival CHANDRA and NuSTAR data, we infer the
presence of a buried, Compton-thick AGN of moderate luminosity, L_2-10keV ~
1.6x10^{43} ergs-1. We explore photodissociation and X-ray-dominated regions
(PDRs and XDRs) models to reproduce the CO emission. We find that PDRs can
reproduce the CO lines up to J~6, however, the higher rotational ladder
requires the presence of a separate source of excitation. We consider X-ray
heating by the AGN as a source of excitation, and find that it can reproduce
the observed CO Spectral Energy Distribution. By adopting a composite PDR+XDR
model, we derive molecular cloud properties. Our study clearly indicates the
capabilities offered by current-generation of instruments to shed light on the
properties of nearby galaxies adopting state-of-the art physical modelling.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter
Effect of the Spatial Dispersion on the Shape of a Light Pulse in a Quantum Well
Reflectance, transmittance and absorbance of a symmetric light pulse, the
carrying frequency of which is close to the frequency of interband transitions
in a quantum well, are calculated. Energy levels of the quantum well are
assumed discrete, and two closely located excited levels are taken into
account. A wide quantum well (the width of which is comparable to the length of
the light wave, corresponding to the pulse carrying frequency) is considered,
and the dependance of the interband matrix element of the momentum operator on
the light wave vector is taken into account. Refractive indices of barriers and
quantum well are assumed equal each other. The problem is solved for an
arbitrary ratio of radiative and nonradiative lifetimes of electronic
excitations. It is shown that the spatial dispersion essentially affects the
shapes of reflected and transmitted pulses. The largest changes occur when the
radiative broadening is close to the difference of frequencies of interband
transitions taken into account.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
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