Comparison of the Monthly Precipitation Derived from the TRMM Satellite

A comparison of monthly rainfall derived from the version 5 of TRMM Microwave Imager( TMI), Precipitation Radar (PR), TRMM Combined algorithm (TCA) and TMI-emission algorithm (TMIE) using two years (1998 to 1999) of TRMM data. was made. The global (TRMM domain, 40øN~ 40øS) average rain rates are 3.29, 2.62 and 2.93 mm/day over land and 3.02, 2.47 and 2.54 mm/day over oceans for TMI, PR, and TCA respectively. The TMIE oceanic average is 2.90 mm/day. For both the global and zonal means, the TMI rain rates are the largest and the PR estimates lowest. Regression analyses show the offsets of algorithms are close to zero. According to a paired ttest, significant differences exist between TMI and PR and between TMI and TCA, especially in oceanic dry regions. However, the difference between PR and TCA was judged to be insignificant. Comparison of PR and TMIE shows that a statistically significant difference is evident in the oceanic dry regions

Dips in Partial Wave Amplitudes from Final State Interactions

We consider the dip-peak structures in the J=0 partial wave amplitudes for processes \gamma\gamma\rightarrow W^+W^-~ \mbox{and}~\gamma\gamma,gg\rightarrow t\overline{t} taking into account the corresponding Born term process and the rescattering process where the intermediate state is rescattered through the exchange of Higgs resonance state in the direct channel.Comment: 9 pages, CPP-93-21, 6 figures not include

Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium arupense Strain GUC1.

We report the draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium arupense strain GUC1 from a sputum sample of a patient with bronchiectasis. This is the first draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium arupense, a rapidly growing nonchromogenic mycobacteria

Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium elephantis Strain Lipa.

We report the draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium elephantis strain Lipa from a sputum sample of a patient with pulmonary disease. This is the first draft genome sequence of M. elephantis, a rapidly growing mycobacterium

Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium obuense Strain UC1, Isolated from Patient Sputum.

We report the draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium obuense strain UC1 from a patient sputum sample. This is the first draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium obuense, a rapidly growing scotochromogenic mycobacterium

Seasonal Snow Extent and Snow Mass in South America Using SMMR and SSM/I Passive Microwave Data (1979-2003)

Seasonal snow cover in South America was examined in this study using passive microwave satellite data from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on board the Nimbus-satellite and the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers (SSM/I) on board Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. For the period from 1979-2003, both snow cover extent and snow depth (snow mass) were investigated during coldest months (May-September), primarily in the Patagonia area of Argentina and in Chile. Most of the seasonal snow in South America is in the Patagonia region of Argentina. Since winter temperatures in this region are often above freezing, the coldest winter month was found to be the month having the most extensive snow cover and also usually the month having the deepest snow cover as well. Sharp year-to-year differences were recorded using the passive microwave observations. The average snow cover extent for July, the month with the greatest average snow extent during the 25-year period of record, is 320,700 km(exp 2). In July of 1984, the average monthly snow cover was 701,250 km(exp 2) - the most extensive coverage observed between 1979 and 2003. However, in July of 1989, snow cover extent was only 120 km(exp 2). The 25-year period of record shows a sinusoidal like pattern, though there appears to be no obvious trend in either increasing or decreasing snow extent or snow mass between 1979 and 2003

Statistical Mechanics of Two-dimensional Foams

The methods of statistical mechanics are applied to two-dimensional foams under macroscopic agitation. A new variable -- the total cell curvature -- is introduced, which plays the role of energy in conventional statistical thermodynamics. The probability distribution of the number of sides for a cell of given area is derived. This expression allows to correlate the distribution of sides ("topological disorder") to the distribution of sizes ("geometrical disorder") in a foam. The model predictions agree well with available experimental data

Modelling of auroral electrodynamical processes: Magnetosphere to mesosphere

Research conducted on auroral electrodynamic coupling between the magnetosphere and ionosphere-atmosphere in support of the development of a global scale kinetic plasma theory is reviewed. Topics covered include electric potential structure in the evening sector; morning and dayside auroras; auroral plasma formation; electrodynamic coupling with the thermosphere; and auroral electron interaction with the atmosphere

Chiral fermions on the lattice and index relations

Comparing recent lattice results on chiral fermions and old continuum results for the index puzzling questions arise. To clarify this issue we start with a critical reconsideration of the results on finite lattices. We then work out various aspects of the continuum limit. After determining bounds and norm convergences we obtain the limit of the anomaly term. Collecting our results the index relation of the quantized theory gets established. We then compare in detail with the Atiyah-Singer theorem. Finally we analyze conventional continuum approaches.Comment: 34 pages; a more detaild introduction and a subsection with remarks on literature adde

Orbital Ferromagnetism and Quantum Collapse in Stellar Plasmas

The possibility of quantum collapse and characteristics of nonlinear localized excitations is examined in dense stars with Landau orbital ferromagnetism in the framework of conventional quantum magnetohydrodynamics (QMHD) model including Bohm force and spin-orbit polarization effects. Employing the concepts of effective potential and Sagdeev pseudopotential, it is confirmed that the quantum collapse and Landau orbital ferromagnetism concepts are consistent with the magnetic field and mass-density range present in some white dwarf stars. Furthermore, the value of ferromagnetic-field found in this work is about the same order of magnitude as the values calculated earlier. It is revealed that the magnetosonic nonlinear propagations can behave much differently in the two distinct non-relativistic and relativistic degeneracy regimes in a ferromagnetic dense astrophysical object. Current findings should help to understand the origin of the most important mechanisms such as gravitational collapse and the high magnetic field present in many compact stars.Comment: To appear in journal Physics of Plasma