Temporal evolution of the transpolar potential after a sharp enhancement in solar wind dynamic pressure

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95384/1/grl23891.pd

Applications of yeast flocculation in biotechnological processes

A review on the main aspects associated with yeast flocculation and its application in biotechnological processes is presented. This subject is addressed following three main aspects – the basics of yeast flocculation, the development of “new” flocculating yeast strains and bioreactor development. In what concerns the basics of yeast flocculation, the state of the art on the most relevant aspects of mechanism, physiology and genetics of yeast flocculation is reported. The construction of flocculating yeast strains includes not only the recombinant constitutive flocculent brewer’s yeast, but also recombinant flocculent yeast for lactose metabolisation and ethanol production. Furthermore, recent work on the heterologous β-galactosidase production using a recombinant flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered. As bioreactors using flocculating yeast cells have particular properties, mainly associated with a high solid phase hold-up, a section dedicated to its operation is presented. Aspects such as bioreactor productivity and culture stability as well as bioreactor hydrodynamics and mass transfer properties of flocculating cell cultures are considered. Finally, the paper concludes describing some of the applications of high cell density flocculation bioreactors and discussing potential new uses of these systems.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) – PRAXIS XXI - BD11306/97

General enterprise performance measurement architecture

Enterprise performance has been investigated since the 1900s, leading to many approaches, methods, and frameworks around the world, developed either by researchers or by practitioners and consultants. The purpose of these approaches is the design and the implementation of performance indicators and performance measurement systems (PMSs). More than 65 approaches have been identified and several studies conducted to compare them. They concluded that each approach, even the most famous ones, can be improved based on the qualities of others. The objective of this paper is to propose a generic architecture for combining the ingredients of individual approaches and methods in a coherent way. This architecture must be generic enough to be widely applicable to all types of approaches and, more generally, to all types of application domains. The first objective of this reference architecture is to propose a synergy and consolidation of the best features of each approach into the best possible system. The second objective is to organise the development and use of the PMS methodologies and tools needed by potential users to integrate a PMS into their own enterprise