Mindset Training for Undergraduates in Developmental Mathematics

This poster highlights the work of an individual study that student Kate Van Weelden did in Dr. Zonnefeld\u27s Math 100 class. Kate was a teacher assistant who led a lab session for 6 of the students in the Math 100 course. Throughout the semester Kate implemented incremental mindset training for her 6 students. The results showed a promising avenue for improved achievement, especially among males

Standards-Based Assessment in a Developmental Math Course

Learn why we decided to try standards-based instruction in an undergraduate, developmental algebra course and what we learned in the process

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NWOThe Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Law & Governance in a World of Multilevel Jurisdiction

Impact of fiber source and feed particle size on swine manure properties related to spontaneous foam formation during anaerobic decomposition

Foam accumulation in deep-pit manure storage facilities is of concern for swine producers because of the logistical and safety-related problems it creates. A feeding trial was performed to evaluate the impact of feed grind size, fiber source, and manure inoculation on foaming characteristics. Animals were fed: (1) C–SBM (corn–soybean meal): (2) C–DDGS (corn–dried distiller grains with solubles); and (3) C–Soybean Hull (corn–soybean meal with soybean hulls) with each diet ground to either fine (374 μm) or coarse (631 μm) particle size. Two sets of 24 pigs were fed and their manure collected. Factors that decreased feed digestibility (larger grind size and increased fiber content) resulted in increased solids loading to the manure, greater foaming characteristics, more particles in the critical particle size range (2–25 μm), and a greater biological activity/potential

The Impact of Carbohydrate and Protein Level and Sources on Swine Manure Foaming Properties

This study explored the impact of swine diet on the composition, methane production potential, and foaming properties of manure. Samples of swine manure were collected from controlled feeding trials with diets varying in protein and carbohydrate levels and sources. Protein sources consisted of corn with amino acids, corn-soybean meal with amino acids, corn-soybean meal, corn-canola meal, corn-corn gluten meal, and corn-poultry meal. Carbohydrate sources consisted of corn-soybean meal, barley, beet pulp, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), soy hulls, and wheat bran. Manure samples were tested for a number of physical and biochemical parameters, including total solids, volatile solids, viscosity, density, methane production rate, biochemical methane potential, foaming capacity, and foam stability. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate whether different carbohydrate and/or protein ingredients affected these physico-chemical properties or the samples’ ability to produce methane gas. After conducting these trials, another feeding trial was performed to evaluate if the addition of Narasin into rations (corn-soybean and DDGS) could reduce the methane production rate or potential of the manure. These samples were also tested for the physical and biochemical parameters mentioned previously. Finally, an additional manure foaming study was conducted involving the addition of specific carbohydrates ground to different particle sizes and corn oil to observe the effects that the additives had on foaming capacity and stability

Three-Phase Foam Analysis and the Development of a Lab-Scale Foaming Capacity and Stability Test for Swine Manures

Foam accumulation on the manure slurry at deep pit swine facilities has been linked to flash fire incidents, making it a serious safety concern for pork producers. In order to investigate this phenomenon, samples of swine manure were collected from over 50 swine production facilities in Iowa with varying levels of foam accumulation over a seven month period. These samples were tested for a number of physical and chemical parameters including temperature, pH, total solids, volatile solids, volatile fatty acid concentration, biochemical methane potential, and methane production rate. After establishing these parameters, a foaming capacity and stability test was performed where samples were placed in clear PVC tubes with air diffusers at the bottom to simulate biogas production. The amount of foam produced at a set aeration rate was recorded as a measure of foaming capacity, and foam stability was assessed by measuring the height of foam remaining at certain time intervals after aeration had ceased. The results of this test indicated that samples collected from foaming barns showed a greater capacity to produce and stabilize foam. In addition, statistical analysis indicated that manures with foam produced methane at significantly greater rates than non-foaming manures (0.154 ± 0.010 and 0.052 ± 0.003 L CH4./L slurry*day respectively, average standard error), and consequently had significantly greater fluxes of methane moving through the manure volume. On the other hand, the biochemical methane production assay suggested that manure from foaming pits had less potential to generate methane (112 ± 9 mL CH4/g VS) than non-foaming pits (129 ± 9 mL CH4/g VS), and the VFA analysis showed significantly lower concentrations in foaming pits (4472, 3486, and 1439 μg/g for the surface level and descending depths of the pit, respectively) as compared to non-foaming pits (9385,8931, and 6938 μg/g for the same sample depths). When taken together, these assays suggest enhanced anaerobic digestion efficiency from foaming barns, as well as the possible accumulation of a surfactant at the manure-air interface of foaming deep pits. Overall, this work supports a three-phase system conceptualization of foam production in swine manure deep pits, and that the control of one or more of these phases will be required for mitigation

Immunohistochemical biomarkers are prognostic relevant in addition to the ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification in endometrial cancer

Endometrial carcinoma; Immunohistochemistry; OutcomeCarcinoma de endometrio; Inmunohistoquímica; ResultadoCarcinoma d'endometri; Immunohistoquímica; ResultatObjective Pre-operative immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers are not incorporated in endometrial cancer (EC) risk classification. We aim to investigate the added prognostic relevance of IHC biomarkers to the ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification and lymph node (LN) status in EC. Methods Retrospective multicenter study within the European Network for Individualized Treatment of Endometrial Cancer (ENITEC), analyzing pre-operative IHC expression of p53, L1 cell-adhesion molecule (L1CAM), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and relate to ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk groups, LN status and outcome. Results A total of 763 EC patients were included with a median follow-up of 5.5-years. Abnormal IHC expression was present for p53 in 112 (14.7%), L1CAM in 79 (10.4%), ER- in 76 (10.0%), and PR- in 138 (18.1%) patients. Abnormal expression of p53/L1CAM/ER/PR was significantly related with higher risk classification groups, and combined associated with the worst outcome within the ‘high and advanced/metastatic’ risk group. In multivariate analysis p53-abn, ER/PR- and ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO ‘high and advanced/metastatic’ were independently associated with reduced disease-specific survival (DSS). Patients with abnormal IHC expression and lymph node metastasis (LNM) had the worst outcome. Patients with LNM and normal IHC expression had comparable outcome with patients without LNM and abnormal IHC expression. Conclusion The use of pre-operative IHC biomarkers has important prognostic relevance in addition to the ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification and in addition to LN status. For daily clinical practice, p53/L1CAM/ER/PR expression could serve as indicator for surgical staging and refine selective adjuvant treatment by incorporation into the ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification