314 research outputs found
The 14C(n,g) cross section between 10 keV and 1 MeV
The neutron capture cross section of 14C is of relevance for several
nucleosynthesis scenarios such as inhomogeneous Big Bang models, neutron
induced CNO cycles, and neutrino driven wind models for the r process. The
14C(n,g) reaction is also important for the validation of the Coulomb
dissociation method, where the (n,g) cross section can be indirectly obtained
via the time-reversed process. So far, the example of 14C is the only case with
neutrons where both, direct measurement and indirect Coulomb dissociation, have
been applied. Unfortunately, the interpretation is obscured by discrepancies
between several experiments and theory. Therefore, we report on new direct
measurements of the 14C(n,g) reaction with neutron energies ranging from 20 to
800 keV
The Nondeterministic Waiting Time Algorithm: A Review
We present briefly the Nondeterministic Waiting Time algorithm. Our technique
for the simulation of biochemical reaction networks has the ability to mimic
the Gillespie Algorithm for some networks and solutions to ordinary
differential equations for other networks, depending on the rules of the
system, the kinetic rates and numbers of molecules. We provide a full
description of the algorithm as well as specifics on its implementation. Some
results for two well-known models are reported. We have used the algorithm to
explore Fas-mediated apoptosis models in cancerous and HIV-1 infected T cells
SN~2012cg: Evidence for Interaction Between a Normal Type Ia Supernova and a Non-Degenerate Binary Companion
We report evidence for excess blue light from the Type Ia supernova SN 2012cg
at fifteen and sixteen days before maximum B-band brightness. The emission is
consistent with predictions for the impact of the supernova on a non-degenerate
binary companion. This is the first evidence for emission from a companion to a
SN Ia. Sixteen days before maximum light, the B-V color of SN 2012cg is 0.2 mag
bluer than for other normal SN~Ia. At later times, this supernova has a typical
SN Ia light curve, with extinction-corrected M_B = -19.62 +/- 0.02 mag and
Delta m_{15}(B) = 0.86 +/- 0.02. Our data set is extensive, with photometry in
7 filters from 5 independent sources. Early spectra also show the effects of
blue light, and high-velocity features are observed at early times. Near
maximum, the spectra are normal with a silicon velocity v_{Si} = -10,500$ km
s^{-1}. Comparing the early data with models by Kasen (2010) favors a
main-sequence companion of about 6 solar masses. It is possible that many other
SN Ia have main-sequence companions that have eluded detection because the
emission from the impact is fleeting and faint.Comment: accepted to Ap
Improved Value for the Energy Splitting of the Ground-State Doublet in the Nucleus 229Th
We have made an improved estimate of the 229mTh isomer energy. The new value 7.8(5) eV includes an estimate of spectral contamination due to the out-of-band E2 transition from the 42.43-keV 7/2+ member of the [633] ground state band to the 3/2+ [631] 229mTh bandhead. We estimate a 2% branching ratio for this unobserved transition in the 42.43-keV 7/2+ [633] deexcitation. The excitation of the 229mTh level is increased from the previously reported value of 7.6(5) eV to the new value of 7.8(5) eV when this branch is included in the analysis
Performance of a 229 Thorium solid-state nuclear clock
The 7.8 eV nuclear isomer transition in 229 Thorium has been suggested as an
etalon transition in a new type of optical frequency standard. Here we discuss
the construction of a "solid-state nuclear clock" from Thorium nuclei implanted
into single crystals transparent in the vacuum ultraviolet range. We
investigate crystal-induced line shifts and broadening effects for the specific
system of Calcium fluoride. At liquid Nitrogen temperatures, the clock
performance will be limited by decoherence due to magnetic coupling of the
Thorium nucleus to neighboring nuclear moments, ruling out the commonly used
Rabi or Ramsey interrogation schemes. We propose a clock stabilization based on
counting of flourescence photons and present optimized operation parameters.
Taking advantage of the high number of quantum oscillators under continuous
interrogation, a fractional instability level of 10^{-19} might be reached
within the solid-state approach.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figure
Mosaic patterns of B-vitamin synthesis and utilization in a natural marine microbial community
Aquatic environments contain large communities of microorganisms whose synergistic interactions mediate the cycling of major and trace nutrients, including vitamins. B-vitamins are essential coenzymes that many organisms cannot synthesize. Thus, their exchange among de novo synthesizers and auxotrophs is expected to play an important role in the microbial consortia and explain some of the temporal and spatial changes observed in diversity. In this study, we analyzed metatranscriptomes of a natural marine microbial community, diel sampled quarterly over one year to try to identify the potential major B-vitamin synthesizers and consumers. Transcriptomic data showed that the best-represented taxa dominated the expression of synthesis genes for some B-vitamins but lacked transcripts for others. For instance, Rhodobacterales dominated the expression of vitamin-B12 synthesis, but not of vitamin-B7, whose synthesis transcripts were mainly represented by Flavobacteria. In contrast, bacterial groups that constituted less than 4% of the community (e.g., Verrucomicrobia) accounted for most of the vitamin-B1 synthesis transcripts. Furthermore, ambient vitamin-B1 concentrations were higher in samples collected during the day, and were positively correlated with chlorophyll-a concentrations. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that the mosaic of metabolic interdependencies through B-vitamin synthesis and exchange are key processes that contribute to shaping microbial communities in nature
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