An interesting example for spectral invariants

In "Illinois J. of Math. {\bf 38} (1994) 653--678", the heat operator of a Bismut superconnection for a family of generalized Dirac operators is defined along the leaves of a foliation with Hausdorff groupoid. The Novikov-Shubin invariants of the Dirac operators were assumed greater than three times the codimension of the foliation. It was then showed that the associated heat operator converges to the Chern character of the index bundle of the operator. In "J. K-Theory {\bf 1} (2008) 305--356", we improved this result by reducing the requirement on the Novikov-Shubin invariants to one half of the codimension. In this paper, we construct examples which show that this is the best possible result.Comment: Third author added. Some typos corrected and some material added. Appeared in Journal of K Theory, Volume 13, in 2014, pages 305 to 31

Utility Functions of Equivalent Form and the Effect of Parameter Changes on Optimum Decision Making

We derive a class of utility functions that are equivalent with respect to a well-defined functional form. We study the case of constant relative risk aversion (of some order) to investigate on different equivalence relations in order to determine the, possibly infinite, number of equivalence classes when utility functions satisfy a specific form. Then we apply our results to standard applications in economics and finance, for example, to the effect of price volatility on optimum hedging. --equivalence class,risk aversion,sensitivity analysis

Kondo effect of Co adatoms on Ag monolayers on noble metal surfaces

The Kondo temperature $T_K$ of single Co adatoms on monolayers of Ag on Cu and Au(111) is determined using Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy. $T_K$ of Co on a single monolayer of Ag on either substrate is essentially the same as that of Co on a homogenous Ag(111) crystal. This gives strong evidence that the interaction of surface Kondo impurities with the substrate is very local in nature. By comparing $T_K$ found for Co on Cu, Ag, and Au (111)-surfaces we show that the energy scale of the many-electron Kondo state is insensitive to the properties of surface states and to the energetic position of the projected bulk band edges.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Rural Household Food Consumption in China: Evidence from the Rural Household Survey

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Invasive Species Management: Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the U.S. Beef Industry

A conceptual bio-economic framework that integrates dynamic epidemiologicaleconomic processes was designed to analyze the effects of invasive species introduction on decision-making in a livestock sector (e.g., production and feeding). The framework integrates an epidemiological model, a dynamic livestock production model, domestic consumption, and international trade. The integrated approach captures producer and consumer responses to, and welfare outcomes of, livestock disease outbreaks, as well as alternative invasive species management policies. Scenarios of foot-and-mouth disease are simulated to demonstrate the usefulness of the framework in facilitating invasive species policy design.bio-economics, livestock, invasive species, foot-and-mouth disease, beef cattle production, Livestock Production/Industries,

Invasive Species Management: Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the U.S. Beef Industry

A conceptual bioeconomic framework that integrates dynamic epidemiological-economic processes was designed to analyze the effects of invasive species introduction on decision making in a livestock sector (e.g., production and feeding). The framework integrates an epidemiological model, a dynamic livestock production model, domestic consumption, and international trade. The integrated approach captures producer and consumer responses and welfare outcomes of livestock disease outbreaks, as well as alternative invasive species management policies. Scenarios of foot-and-mouth disease are simulated to demonstrate the usefulness of the framework in facilitating invasive species policy design.livestock, invasive species, foot-and-mouth disease, beef cattle production, Livestock Production/Industries,

Farm-Level Price Formation for Fresh Sweet Cherries

We estimate price formation in the sweet cherry market using an inverse demand system with farm-level price and quantity data from states in the Pacific Northwest and California. Between 0.60 and 0.78 of the variation in annual cherry price is explained by the states’ production, domestic consumption, and exports. Washington and California prices are most responsive to their own quantity. Output flexibilities indicate that Oregon is responsive to a change in quantity supplied to the domestic market. Results also indicate that cherry price is most sensitive to quantity supplied to the export and domestic markets.Demand and Price Analysis,

Hunter\u27s Vegan Cooking

This is a project that provides recipes for foods that are nationally loved, but in a plant-based way. I have been vegan for two and a half years now and I have an extensive background in cooking, as I worked in some very fast-paced kitchens throughout Boise as a young adult. These recipes are designed to not only provide recipes for those who already follow a plant-based lifestyle, but also maybe urge others who have no dietary restrictions to give vegan meals a shot. These recipes could also be a saving grace for those who have food allergens and just want to eat the foods they might miss

Local pressure-induced metallization of a semiconducting carbon nanotube in a crossed junction

The electronic and vibrational density of states of a semiconducting carbon nanotube in a crossed junction was investigated by elastic and inelastic scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The strong radial compression of the nanotube at the junction induces local metallization spatially confined to a few nm. The local electronic modifications are correlated with the observed changes in the radial breathing and G-band phonon modes, which react very sensitively to local mechanical deformation. In addition, the experiments reveal the crucial contribution of the image charges to the contact potential at nanotube-metal interfaces