Mechanism of the oscillatory reduction of peroxodisulfate on gold(110) at electrode potentials positive to the point of zero charge

The oscillatory reduction of S2O2−8 ions on the Au(110) electrode in dilute solutions of NaF at potentials positive to the known value of the potential of zero charge (PZC) has been studied. Experimental results based on cyclic voltammetry with rotating disk electrodes and potentiostatic current transients indicate that in the course of S2O2−8 reduction the surface state of the electrode is modified. It is proposed that the point of zero charge shifts to a more positive potential, and that the oscillatory S2O2−8 reduction is governed by the Frumkin effect

Cross-species transcriptomics identifies core regulatory changes differentiating the asymptomatic asexual and virulent sexual life cycles of grass-symbiotic <i>Epichloë</i> fungi

AbstractFungi from the genus EpichloëEpichloëEpichloëEpichloëEpichloëEpichlo

Antibody Screening

Antibodies are among the most frequently used tools in research and have had a profound impact on the discovery of diagnostic and therapeutic targets and the understanding of the molecular background of diseases. In particular in reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA), where there is no separation of the proteins according to molecular weight, it is crucial that antibodies are proven to be highly specific, selective, and reproducible. However, numerous studies have shown that many antibodies frequently do not recognize the protein that they are supposed to detect, that multiple antibodies do often function in one application but not in another, and that antibodies are not stable over time or between different batches. So far, no universally accepted guidelines or standardized methods for determining the validity of antibodies have been established. This chapter discusses the urgent need for antibody validation, current strategies that are used for (RPPA) antibody validation, as well as proposes a new strategy about how to report, score, and integrate antibody validation from multiple users.</p